Understanding the factors controlling rolling contact fatigue damage in VIM-VAR M50 steel

[Display omitted] •An analysis of butterfly formation for bearing steels in RCF is performed.•Nucleation and growth of butterflies occurs rapidly initially and then stabilizes.•Results show that nucleation depends on carbides characteristics and growth in stress. Sub-surface initiated spalling remai...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of fatigue Vol. 108; pp. 68 - 78
Main Authors Jelita Rydel, J., Toda-Caraballo, I., Guetard, G., Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, P.E.J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2018
Elsevier BV
Subjects
Bearing steels
Carbides
Crack initiation
Crack propagation
Fatigue
Fatigue cracks
Fatigue failure
Fatigue tests
Fracture mechanics
High speed tool steels
Martensite
Martensitic stainless steel
Materials fatigue
Mathematical models
Microstructure
Modelling
Nucleation
Rolling contact
Serial-sectioning
Size distribution
Spalling
Fatigue
Modelling
Martensite
Carbides
Serial-sectioning
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Summary:[Display omitted] •An analysis of butterfly formation for bearing steels in RCF is performed.•Nucleation and growth of butterflies occurs rapidly initially and then stabilizes.•Results show that nucleation depends on carbides characteristics and growth in stress. Sub-surface initiated spalling remains a key factor in determining the ultimate life of properly maintained bearings. In its early stages, spalling is manifested by the development of cracks and accompanying microstructure alterations, so-called butterflies, around the microstructure inhomogeneities. Base upon a unique three-dimensional microscopic characterisation of a large population of butterflies in VIM-VAR M50 samples that underwent rolling contact fatigue under different experimental conditions, the key factors determining butterfly nucleation and growth has been identified. The work identifies the conditions for crack nucleation and growth, and quantitatively relates them to microstructure. The model encompasses the sub-surface stress field and the microstructural parameters of the material leading to crack growth. Outputs of numerical evaluation of the model show good agreement with experimental data concerning number density, depth distribution and size distribution of butterflies across the wide range of fatigue test conditions.
ISSN:0142-1123
1879-3452
DOI:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.10.018