Lysosomal solute and water transport

Lysosomes mediate hydrolase-catalyzed macromolecule degradation to produce building block catabolites for reuse. Lysosome function requires an osmo-sensing machinery that regulates osmolytes (ions and organic solutes) and water flux. During hypoosmotic stress or when undigested materials accumulate,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inThe Journal of cell biology Vol. 221; no. 11; p. 1
Main Authors Hu, Meiqin, Zhou, Nan, Cai, Weijie, Xu, Haoxing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Rockefeller University Press 07.11.2022
Subjects
Calcium channels
Calcium ions
Catabolites
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Hydrolase
Ions
Lysosomes
Macromolecules
Membrane trafficking
Membranes
Organelles
Physiology
Review
Solutes
Water transport
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Summary:Lysosomes mediate hydrolase-catalyzed macromolecule degradation to produce building block catabolites for reuse. Lysosome function requires an osmo-sensing machinery that regulates osmolytes (ions and organic solutes) and water flux. During hypoosmotic stress or when undigested materials accumulate, lysosomes become swollen and hypo-functional. As a membranous organelle filled with cargo macromolecules, catabolites, ions, and hydrolases, the lysosome must have mechanisms that regulate its shape and size while coordinating content exchange. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms that regulate lysosomal fusion and fission as well as swelling and condensation, with a focus on solute and water transport mechanisms across lysosomal membranes. Lysosomal H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl− channels and transporters sense trafficking and osmotic cues to regulate both solute flux and membrane trafficking. We also provide perspectives on how lysosomes may adjust the volume of themselves, the cytosol, and the cytoplasm through the control of lysosomal solute and water transport.
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M. Hu and N. Zhou contributed equally to this paper.
ISSN:0021-9525
1540-8140
DOI:10.1083/jcb.202109133