Multimodal Integrated Sensor Platform for Rapid Biomarker Detection

• Published in: IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering Vol. 67; no. 2; pp. 614 - 623
• Main Authors: Al-Rawhani, Mohammed A., Hu, Chunxiao, Giagkoulovits, Christos, Annese, Valerio F., Cheah, Boon Chong, Beeley, James, Velugotla, Srinivas, Accarino, Claudio, Grant, James P., Mitra, Srinjoy, Barrett, Michael P., Cochran, Sandy, Cumming, David R. S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01.02.2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Avalanche diodes; biomarker; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - analysis; Biomedical measurement; Biomedical optical imaging; Biosensing Techniques - instrumentation; Blood Glucose - analysis; Chemiluminescence; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical - instrumentation; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - blood; CMOS; colorimetric; Colorimetry; Communications equipment; detection; diagnosis; Electrochemical analysis; Electrochemistry; Equipment Design; Field effect transistors; Humans; Hydrogen ions; Integrated circuits; Laboratory equipment; Metabolomics; Modular design; multimodality; nanodiscs; Nanotechnology - instrumentation; Optical sensors; Optical variables measurement; Organic chemistry; pH measurements; photodiode; Photodiodes; Photon avalanches; plasmon filters; Precision medicine; Resonance; Semiconductor device measurement; Semiconductor devices; Semiconductors; Sensor arrays; Sensors; SPAD; Subsystems; Surface plasmon resonance; Urea; Uric acid; Uric Acid - analysis; xISFET
• ISSN: 0018-9294; 1558-2531
• DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2019.2919192

Precision metabolomics and quantification for cost-effective rapid diagnosis of disease are the key goals in personalized medicine and point-of-care testing. At present, patients are subjected to multiple test procedures requiring large laboratory equipment. Microelectronics has already made modern computing and communications possible by integration of complex functions within a single chip. As More than Moore technology increases in importance, integrated circuits for densely patterned sensor chips have grown in significance. Here, we present a versatile single complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor chip forming a platform to address personalized needs through on-chip multimodal optical and electrochemical detection that will reduce the number of tests that patients must take. The chip integrates interleaved sensing subsystems for quadruple-mode colorimetric, chemiluminescent, surface plasmon resonance, and hydrogen ion measurements. These subsystems include a photodiode array and a single photon avalanche diode array with some elements functionalized to introduce a surface plasmon resonance mode. The chip also includes an array of ion sensitive field-effect transistors. The sensor arrays are distributed uniformly over an active area on the chip surface in a scalable and modular design. Bio-functionalization of the physical sensors yields a highly selective simultaneous multiple-assay platform in a disposable format. We demonstrate its versatile capabilities through quantified bio-assays performed on-chip for glucose, cholesterol, urea, and urate, each within their naturally occurring physiological range.