Neuroimaging and Machine Learning for Dementia Diagnosis: Recent Advancements and Future Prospects

• Published in: IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering Vol. 12; pp. 19 - 33
• Main Authors: Ahmed, Md Rishad, Zhang, Yuan, Feng, Zhiquan, Lo, Benny, Inan, Omer T., Liao, Hongen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 2019; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Aging; Algorithms; Alzheimer's disease; Artificial intelligence; Biomedical imaging; Brain; Cognitive ability; computer-aided diagnosis (CAD); Declination; deep learning; Dementia; Dementia disorders; Diagnosis; Diagnostic systems; Image analysis; Image processing; Learning algorithms; Machine learning; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical imaging; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroimaging; Neurology; Reviews
• ISSN: 1937-3333; 1941-1189
• DOI: 10.1109/RBME.2018.2886237

Dementia, a chronic and progressive cognitive declination of brain function caused by disease or impairment, is becoming more prevalent due to the aging population. A major challenge in dementia is achieving accurate and timely diagnosis. In recent years, neuroimaging with computer-aided algorithms have made remarkable advances in addressing this challenge. The success of these approaches is mostly attributed to the application of machine learning techniques for neuroimaging. In this review paper, we present a comprehensive survey of automated diagnostic approaches for dementia using medical image analysis and machine learning algorithms published in the recent years. Based on the rigorous review of the existing works, we have found that, while most of the studies focused on Alzheimer's disease, recent research has demonstrated reasonable performance in the identification of other types of dementia remains a major challenge. Multimodal imaging analysis deep learning approaches have shown promising results in the diagnosis of these other types of dementia. The main contributions of this review paper are as follows. 1) Based on the detailed analysis of the existing literature, this paper discusses neuroimaging procedures for dementia diagnosis. 2) It systematically explains the most recent machine learning techniques and, in particular, deep learning approaches for early detection of dementia.