Neuropeptidergic Mediators of Spontaneous Physical Activity and Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis

Lean individuals have high levels of spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and the energy expenditure derived from that activity, termed non-exercise activity thermogenesis or NEAT, appears to protect them from obesity. Conversely, obesity in different human populations is characterized by low levels...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inNeuroendocrinology Vol. 87; no. 2; pp. 71 - 90
Main Authors Teske, J.A., Billington, C.J., Kotz, C.M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel, Switzerland Karger 01.01.2008
S. Karger AG
Subjects
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Energy Metabolism - physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Homeostasis - physiology
Humans
Medical sciences
Metabolic diseases
Motor Activity - physiology
Neuroendocrine Control of Peripheral Metabolic Function
Neuropeptides - physiology
Obesity
Obesity - physiopathology
Obesity - prevention & control
Rats
Signal Transduction
Thermogenesis - physiology
Vertebrates: endocrinology
Obesity resistance
Energy expenditure
Physical activity
Locomotor activity
Physical exercise
Resistance
Locomotion
Obesity
Spontaneous physical activity
Thermogenesis
Nutrition disorder
Nutritional status
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Summary:Lean individuals have high levels of spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and the energy expenditure derived from that activity, termed non-exercise activity thermogenesis or NEAT, appears to protect them from obesity. Conversely, obesity in different human populations is characterized by low levels of SPA and NEAT. Like in humans, elevated SPA in rats appears to protect against obesity: obesity-resistant rats have significantly greater SPA and NEAT than obesity-prone rats. We review the literature on brain mechanisms important in mediating SPA and NEAT. The focus is on neuropeptides, including cholecystokinin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor), neuromedin U, neuropeptide Y, leptin, agouti-related protein, orexin-A (also known as hypocretin-1), and ghrelin. We also review information regarding interactions between these neuropeptides and dopamine, a neurotransmitter important in mediating motor function. Finally, we present evidence that elevated signaling of pathways mediating SPA and NEAT may protect against weight gain and obesity.
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ISSN:0028-3835
1423-0194
DOI:10.1159/000110802