Halide aerosols in circulating fluidised bed co-combustion. Role of coal bound kaolin

• Published in: Fuel processing technology Vol. 92; no. 9; pp. 1738 - 1749
• Main Authors: Vainikka, P., Silvennoinen, J., Taipale, R., van Alphen, C., Moilanen, A., Falcon, R., Yrjas, P., Hupa, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.09.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Aerosol; aerosols; Applied sciences; bark; Co-combustion; coal; combustion; Energy; Energy. Thermal use of fuels; Exact sciences and technology; Fine particle; Fluidised bed combustion; fluidized beds; fly ash; Fuels; gases; Kaolin; kaolinite; mixing; particles; potassium; pressure; sodium; Solid recovered fuel; solubility; sulfates; Co-combustion; Fluidised bed combustion; Fine particle; Aerosol; Kaolin; Solid recovered fuel; Mixing; Fluidized bed combustion; Bark; Solubility; Aluminosilicates; Solid fuel; Alkali metal; Circulating fluidized bed; Fly ash; Additive; Dilution; Combustion chamber; Low pressure; Coal; Circulating fluidized bed combustion; Aerosols; Kaolinite
• ISSN: 0378-3820; 1873-7188
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.04.027

An experimental campaign was carried out with a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) pilot scale combustor to study the role of coal bound kaolin in the fate of solid recovered fuel (SRF) originated halide aerosols. A combustion experiment was carried out with SRF–Spruce Bark mixture as a reference. High kaolinite coal and paper pigment kaolin, one at a time, were mixed with the SRF–Bark in increasing proportions until dp < 1 μm fine particles were absent as measured from 780 °C combustion gases by means of a dilution probe and low pressure impactor (LPI). This fine particle mode was absent after mixing sufficiently either coal or kaolin with SRF–Bark and only traces of water soluble alkali metal salts were found in the CFB fly ash. These conditions were achieved when kaolin was mixed with the SRF–Bark for 52 times on a molar basis compared to the Na + K initially found in the aerosols. This proportioning was found to be the same for the additive kaolin and coal bound kaolinite. Na and K in the fly ash seem to be bound chemically to the kaolin as alkali aluminosilicates rather than in water soluble alkali sulphates. This is indicated by their solubility behaviour. ► Kaolin in coal and pure clay have similar influence on halides in CFB combustion. ► Halide sorption by clay dominates over alkali sulphate formation. ► Kaolin addition resulted in absence of halide vapours. ► Halogen deposition was avoided with 10 times stoichiometric kaolin use. ► Kaolin addition reduces molten fraction in fly ash.