GTPases in antigen receptor signalling

• Published in: Current opinion in immunology Vol. 10; no. 3; pp. 322 - 329
• Main Authors: Henning, Stefan W, Cantrell, Doreen A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.06.1998
• Subjects: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; Calcineurin - physiology; Cytokines - biosynthesis; Cytokines - genetics; Cytoskeleton - physiology; Cytoskeleton - ultrastructure; Gene Expression Regulation - physiology; GRB2 Adaptor Protein; GTP Phosphohydrolases - physiology; GTP-Binding Proteins - physiology; Guanosine Triphosphate - physiology; Humans; Integrins - metabolism; Models, Immunological; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - physiology; Protein Kinases - physiology; Proteins - physiology; ras Proteins - physiology; Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell - immunology; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - immunology; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; Signal Transduction - physiology; Transcription Factors - physiology; FcεR1 high-affinity receptor for IgE; TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α; WAS Wiskott—Aldrich immunodeficiency syndrome; GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GEF guanine nucleotide exchange factor; LAT linker for activation of T cells; PH pleckstrin homology domain; PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; APC antigen-presenting cell; P3 triphosphate; PI phosphatidylinositol; NFAT nuclear factor of activated T cells
• ISSN: 0952-7915; 1879-0372
• DOI: 10.1016/S0952-7915(98)80171-4

Immunological interest in small GTPases has focused for some years almost exclusively on the role of Ras in promoting lymphocyte activation and development. A new concept in this field is that GTPases are linked to multiple biochemical effector signalling pathways and are consequently able to regulate diverse cellular processes. It is also now recognised that GTPases other than Ras regulate lymphocyte biology. Rap1 has been suggested as a negative regulator of lymphocyte responses and Rho GTPases are important components of signalling pathways used by antigen receptors and by costimulatory, cytokine and chemokine receptors to regulate the immune response.