Natural bovine lentivirus type 1 infection in Holstein dairy cattle. II. Lymphoid tissue lesions

• Published in: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 1 - 15
• Main Authors: Snider, T.G., Coats, K.S., Storts, R.W., Graves, K.F., Cooper, C.R., Hoyt, P.G., Luther, D.G., Jenny, B.F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 2003; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animal viral diseases; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Bovine immunodeficiency virus; Cattle; Cattle Diseases - immunology; Cattle Diseases - pathology; Cattle Diseases - virology; Deep cortex unit; Disease Models, Animal; Dysplasie du tissus lymphoı̈de; Female; Follicule lymphocytique lymphoı̈de; Ganglion hématique; Hemal lymph node; Hyperplasie du follicule lymphoı̈de; Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine - pathogenicity; Infectious diseases; Lentivirus; Lentivirus Infections - immunology; Lentivirus Infections - pathology; Lentivirus Infections - veterinary; Lymph node; Lymph Nodes - cytology; Lymph Nodes - pathology; Lymphocytes - immunology; Lymphocytic lymphadenitis; Lymphocytic lymphoid folliculitis; Lymphocytique lymphadénite; Lymphoid follicle; Lymphoid Tissue - pathology; Medical sciences; Neutrophils - immunology; Nœud lymphatique; Opportunistic Infections - veterinary; Unité cortex profond; Viral diseases; Virus de l'immunodéficience bovin; Follicule lymphocytique lymphoı̈de; Bovine immunodeficiency virus; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; Hyperplasie du follicule lymphoı̈de; DCU, deep cortex unit; LLF, lymphocytic lymphoid folliculitis; FDC, follicular dentritic cell; Dysplasie du tissus lymphoı̈de; Lymphoid follicle; Ganglion hématique; Hemal lymph node; LN, lymph node; Lymph node; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; BLV, bovine leukosis virus; Lymphocytic lymphoid folliculitis; BIV, bovine immunodeficiency virus; Unité cortex profond; Nœud lymphatique; Lentivirus; Virus de l'immunodéficience bovin; FIV, feline immunodeficiency virus; Lymphocytique lymphadénite; Deep cortex unit; HLN, hemal lymph node; GC, germinal center; LF, lymphoid follicle; Lymphocytic lymphadenitis; TX, thymectomy; Disease development; Bovine; Disease; Retroviridae; Folliculitis; Lymphoid tissue; Immune deficiency; Virus; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Infection multiplicity; Artiodactyla; Lesion; Veterinary; Lymphocyte; Ungulata
• ISSN: 0147-9571; 1878-1667
• DOI: 10.1016/S0147-9571(02)00022-X

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in Holstein cows was associated with morphologic evidence of lymphoid organ deficiency. Cows were subjected to normal management practices including parturition and lactation without adverse environmental stresses. During the clinical disease process there was marked weight loss and wasting with frequent and severe concurrent infections. Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and dysplasia in lymph nodes, and hypertrophy and hyperplasia in hemal lymph nodes were characteristics of the lymphoid tissues. Atrophy of lymphoid cell compartments with depletion of lymphocytes and a lymphocytic lymphoid folliculitis were components of the lymphoid system pathology. The nodal tissue lesions resembled those observed in feline, simian, and human lentiviral disease. A functional correlation with immune system deficiency was the development of multiple bacterial infections which failed to resolve after appropriate therapy. The BIV-associated disease syndrome in dairy cows may be useful as a model system for investigation of the pathogenesis of the lymphoid organ changes that occur in humans and animals with lentiviral infection. Chez les vaches Holstein, l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience bovine (VIB) est associée à une diminution de l'organe lymphoı̈de dans cette étude, les vaches ont été élevées selon les normes habituelles incluant la parturition et la lactation, et sans conditions de stress. Durant cette maladie, infectieuse, une perte de poids est fréquemment observée et peut aller jusqu'à un syndrome de “wasting” et sérieuses infections simultanées. Les tissus lymphoı̈des sont caractérisés par un follicule hyperplasié, une dysplasie des nœuds lymphatiques et une hypertrophie et hyperplasie des ganglions hématiques. La pathologie du système lymphoı̈de est caractérisée par une atrophie des compartiments des cellules lymphoı̈des avec diminution des lymphocytes et par une folliculite lymphoı̈de. les lésions du tissus nodal ressemblent à celles observées lors des maladies causées par le lentivirus chez le chat, le singe et l'homme. Le développement d'infections multiples, résistantes au traitement, sont corrélés à l'immunodéficience. le syndrome de la maladie chronique associée au VIB chez les vaches laitières sont représente ainsi un modèle utile pour l'étude de la pathogenèse de l'organe lymphoı̈de chez l'homme infecté par les lentivirus.