A Bioorthogonal Double Fluorogenic Probe to Visualize Protein–DNA Interaction

Two sets of bioorthogonally applicable, double fluorogenic probes, capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions, were prepared by installing an azide or tetrazine motif onto structurally fluorogenic, DNA sensitive frames. Installation of these bioorthogonal functions onto DNA intercalating dyes furni...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inChemosensors Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 37
Main Authors Kormos, Attila, Egyed, Alexandra, Olvany, Jasmine M., Szatmári, Ágnes, Biró, Adrienn, Csorba, Zsóka, Kele, Péter, Németh, Krisztina
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2022
Subjects
Azide
bioorthogonal labeling
confocal imaging
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA intercalator
DNA probes
DNA-binding protein
double fluorogenic sensor
Fluorescence
Fluorescent indicators
Labeling
Localization
Protein interaction
Proteins
protein–DNA interaction
Switches
thiazole orange
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Summary:Two sets of bioorthogonally applicable, double fluorogenic probes, capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions, were prepared by installing an azide or tetrazine motif onto structurally fluorogenic, DNA sensitive frames. Installation of these bioorthogonal functions onto DNA intercalating dyes furnished these scaffolds with reactivity based fluorogenicity, rendering these probes double-fluorogenic, AND-type logic switches that require the simultaneous occurrence of a bioorthogonal reaction and interaction with DNA to trigger high intensity fluorescence. The probes were evaluated for double fluorogenic behavior in the presence/absence of DNA and a complementary bioorthogonal function. Our studies revealed that azide and tetrazine appending thiazole orange frames show remarkable double fluorogenic features. One of these probes, a membrane permeable tetrazine modified thiazole orange derivative was further tested in live cell labeling studies. Cells expressing bioorthogonalized DNA-binding proteins showed intensive fluorescence characteristics of the localization of the proteins upon treatment with our double fluorogenic probe. On the contrary, labeling similarly bioorthogonalized cytosolic proteins did not result in the appearance of the fluorescence signal. These studies suggest that such double-fluorogenic probes are indeed capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions in cells.
ISSN:2227-9040
2227-9040
DOI:10.3390/chemosensors10010037