Optimal pulse-inversion imaging for microsphere contrast agents

Microbubbles are used as contrast agents because they scatter incident ultrasound (US) efficiently. Pulse-inversion imaging makes use of the asymmetrical difference in response of a bubble to an US pulse and its symmetrical opposite to obtain improved contrast. In this theoretical work, the principl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inUltrasound in medicine & biology Vol. 28; no. 4; pp. 483 - 494
Main Authors Reddy, Anil J., Szeri, Andrew J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.04.2002
Elsevier
Subjects
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical Enhancement
Contrast agents
Contrast Media
Contrast media. Radiopharmaceuticals
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Medical sciences
Microspheres
Miscellaneous. Technology
Optimal control
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Physical Phenomena
Physics
Pressure
Pulse inversion
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasonic investigative techniques
Ultrasonography - methods
Contrast agents
Ultrasonic imaging
Optimal control
Pulse inversion
Sonography
Human
Pulse
Harmonic analysis
Inversion
Non linear system
Scattering factor
Pressure
Optimization
Image quality
Echography
Air bubble
Signal analysis
Medical application
Contrast media
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Summary:Microbubbles are used as contrast agents because they scatter incident ultrasound (US) efficiently. Pulse-inversion imaging makes use of the asymmetrical difference in response of a bubble to an US pulse and its symmetrical opposite to obtain improved contrast. In this theoretical work, the principle of pulse-inversion imaging is expanded upon by finding the optimal pulse shape to maximize the signal from a bubble. Given a limit on driving intensity, a suitable norm of the bubble response is maximized using optimal control theory to identify the proper pulse/antipulse driving protocol for a single bubble. The optimal pulse yields a several-fold increase in the normed response over the best sinusoidal pulse of the same driving intensity. It was found that the optimal driving for a single bubble also maximizes the nonlinear response of the cloud if its mean bubble size is the same as that of the single bubble. (E-mail: aszeri@me.berkeley.edu)
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ISSN:0301-5629
1879-291X
DOI:10.1016/S0301-5629(02)00494-5