State-of-the-art of gas chromatography-based methods for analysis of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in estuarine waters, illustrated with the river Scheldt as an example

• Published in: Journal of Chromatography A Vol. 1000; no. 1; pp. 283 - 297
• Main Authors: Huybrechts, Tom, Dewulf, Jo, Van Langenhove, Herman
• Format: Book Review Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 06.06.2003; Elsevier
• Subjects: Analysis methods; Analytical chemistry; Applied sciences; Belgium; Chemistry; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Chlorinated monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography; Chromatography, Gas - methods; Exact sciences and technology; Gas chromatographic methods; Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Natural water pollution; Organic Chemicals - analysis; Pollution; Volatile organic compounds; Volatilization; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water treatment and pollution; Belgium; Europe; Scheldt estuary; Volatile organic compounds; Reviews; Sample preparation; Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Chlorinated monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Water analysis; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Environmental analysis; Chemical analysis; Estuaries; Review; Chemical enrichment; Chlorocarbon; Stir bar sorptive extraction; Quantitative analysis; Trace analysis; Hydrocarbon; Aliphatic compound; Coupled method; Volatile organic compound; Solid phase microextraction; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry MS/MS; Surface water; Benzenic compound; Headspace; Water pollution; River water; Mass spectrometry
• ISSN: 0021-9673
• DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00585-5

This review focuses on a number of key procedural steps in the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in estuarine waters. The most critical step, from an analytical point of view, is sample preparation. So far, only purge-and-trap and, to some extent, membrane inlet mass spectrometry have successfully been applied in estuarine monitoring of VOCs. The advantages and disadvantages of both techniques are discussed and novel developments are reviewed. Other key elements in VOC analysis and assessment include quality assurance (QA), quality control (QC) and statistical data analysis. This paper gives a brief overview of QA/QC measures of interest in the estuarine monitoring exercise, and provides guidelines for adequate statistical treatment of environmental data. Finally, field measurements of VOCs in estuarine waters are reviewed. Concentrations are reported, and distribution patterns, sources and time-trends are discussed. In addition to literature data, results of a 3-year monitoring survey (May 1998–November 2000) in the Scheldt estuary are presented.