Stromal cells can be cultured and characterized from diagnostic bronchoalveolar fluid samples obtained from patients with various types of interstitial lung diseases

• Published in: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica Vol. 122; no. 4; pp. 301 - 316
• Main Authors: Lehtonen, Siri T, Karvonen, Henna M, Harju, Terttu, Sormunen, Raija, Lappi-Blanco, Elisa, Hilli, Meeri, Risteli, Juha, Merikallio, Heta, Kaarteenaho, Riitta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.04.2014; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Actins - metabolism; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - diagnosis; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - metabolism; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - pathology; Antigens, Surface - metabolism; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology; Cell Differentiation; electron microscopy; Female; Fibroblasts - metabolism; Fibroblasts - pathology; Humans; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias - diagnosis; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias - metabolism; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias - pathology; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - diagnosis; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - metabolism; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - pathology; Immunohistochemistry; Lung Diseases, Interstitial - diagnosis; Lung Diseases, Interstitial - metabolism; Lung Diseases, Interstitial - pathology; Male; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - metabolism; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - pathology; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Middle Aged; myofibroblast; Myofibroblasts - metabolism; Myofibroblasts - pathology; Primary Cell Culture - methods; smoking
• ISSN: 0903-4641; 1600-0463
• DOI: 10.1111/apm.12146

Increased proliferation of stromal cells is a typical feature encountered in several lung diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the success of standardized process for culturing stromal cells from small volumes of diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples collected from various patients and to characterize the cultured cells. Small volumes (average 15 mL) of BAL fluid samples were collected from 98 patients who underwent bronchoscopy and BAL for diagnostic purposes. The cells were cultured in vitro and characterized by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, flow cytometry and differentiation tests. Cells could be cultured from 62% of samples with the success rate varying with the disease (p = 0.003). Cultures from samples of the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, non‐specific interstitial pneumonia, connective tissue disorder associated interstitial lung disease and allergic alveolitis had a higher success rate than samples derived from control lung (p < 0.001, 0.03, 0.03 and 0.044, respectively). Smokers had a higher success rate compared with non‐smokers (p = 0.035). The cultured cells were fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, but shared also similarities with progenitor‐type cells. The study shows that mesenchymal cells can be cultured and studied from small volumes of diagnostic BAL fluid samples from patients with several different types of lung diseases.