Andrographolide – A prospective remedy for chikungunya fever and viral arthritis

• Published in: International immunopharmacology Vol. 99; p. 108045
• Main Authors: Gupta, Swati, Mishra, KP, Gupta, Rupali, Singh, SB
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.10.2021; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Andrographolide; Animals; Antiviral; Antiviral activity; Antiviral Agents - pharmacology; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use; Apoptosis; Arthralgia; Arthritis; Arthritis, Infectious - drug therapy; Arthritis, Infectious - virology; Bioactive compounds; Chemical compounds; Chikungunya Fever - drug therapy; Chikungunya Fever - transmission; Chikungunya Fever - virology; Chikungunya virus; Chikungunya virus - drug effects; Complications; Diterpenes - pharmacology; Diterpenes - therapeutic use; Fever; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Immunology; Immunomodulation; Infections; Infectious diseases; Inflammation; Mitigation; Multiplication; Myalgia; Oxidative Stress; Pain; Protein folding; Proteins; Signs and symptoms; Unfolded Protein Response; Vector-borne diseases; Viral infections; Viruses; Oxidative Stress; ALT; Arthritis; FLS; CHIKF; HPV; IFN; AL-1; HIF1- α; OA; SARS-CoV-2; DENV; UPR; EBV; Antiviral; AIA; Andrographolide; IBV; HBV; AST; NOD; Mpro; Immunomodulation; SOD; Inflammation; p.i; Unfolded Protein Response; ER; PBMCs; RA; HIV; Chikungunya virus; CAT; HCV; NLRs; RLRs; CHIKV; TLRs; CFA; IAV; NOX2
• ISSN: 1567-5769; 1878-1705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108045

[Display omitted] •Chikungunya is an arboviral disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection.•Till date no treatment is available for chikungunya.•Andrographolide (Andro) is a major bioactive compound of plant Andrographis paniculata.•Andro inhibits CHIKV multiplication and symptoms associated with chikungunya. Andrographolide, the major bioactive compound of the plant Andrographis paniculata, exerts anti-inflammatory, cyto-, neuro- and hepato-protective effects. Traditional remedies for infectious diseases include A. paniculata for maladies like fever, pain, rashes which are associated with chikungunya and other arboviral diseases. Since andrographolide and A. paniculata have potent antiviral properties, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive report of symptoms and immunological molecules involved in chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and the therapeutic role of andrographolide in the mitigation of chikungunya and associated symptoms. Studies on the therapeutic role of A. paniculata and andrographolide in chikungunya and other viral infections published between 1991 and 2021 were searched on various databases. The havoc created by chikungunya is due to the associated debilitating symptoms including arthralgia and myalgia which sometimes remains for years. The authors reviewed and summarized the various symptoms and immunological molecules related to CHIKV replication and associated inflammation, oxidative and unfolded protein stress, apoptosis and arthritis. Additionally, the authors suggested andrographolide as a remedy for chikungunya and other arboviral infections by highlighting its role in the regulation of molecules involved in unfolded protein response pathway, immunomodulation, inflammation, virus multiplication, oxidative stress, apoptosis and arthritis. The present review demonstrated the major complications associated with chikungunya and the role of andrographolide in alleviating the chikungunya associated symptoms to encourage further investigations using this promising compound towards early development of an anti-CHIKV drug. Chemical Compound studied: andrographolide (PubChem CID: 5318517)