Ulcer preventive and antioxidative properties of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis

• Published in: European journal of pharmacology Vol. 590; no. 1; pp. 387 - 395
• Main Authors: Kamath, Burde Sandesh, Srikanta, Belagihally Manjegowda, Dharmesh, Shylaja Mallaiah, Sarada, Ravi, Ravishankar, Gokare Aswathanarayana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 20.08.2008; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents - pharmacology; Antioxidant; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Astaxanthin; Biological and medical sciences; Carotenoids - isolation & purification; Carotenoids - pharmacology; Chlorophyta - chemistry; Female; Gastric Mucosa - pathology; Gastroprotective; Haematococcus; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Male; Medical sciences; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stomach Ulcer - prevention & control; Xanthophylls - isolation & purification; Xanthophylls - pharmacology; Haematococcus; Gastroprotective; Antioxidant; Astaxanthin; Prevention; Ulcer
• ISSN: 0014-2999; 1879-0712
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.042

The anti-ulcer properties of astaxanthin fractions such as total carotenoid and astaxanthin esters from Haematococcus pluvialis were evaluated in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Since oxygen radical release is a pathogenic factor of ethanol-induced gastric damage, astaxanthin — a free radical scavenger, was investigated as a potential ulcer preventive agent. Astaxanthin fractions — total carotenoid and astaxanthin esters were orally administered to experimental rats at 100, 250 and 500 μg/kg b.w. prior to ulcer induction. Alcian blue binding assay indicates that, total carotenoid and astaxanthin esters at 500 μg/kg b.w could protect gastric mucin ~ 40% and 67% respectively. Pre-treatment with astaxanthin esters, also resulted in significant increase in antioxidant enzyme levels — catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in stomach homogenate. Histopathological examination substantiated the protective effect of astaxanthin in pre-treated rats. The increased antioxidant potencies such as free radical scavenging activity with an IC 50 of ~ 8 μg/ml and reducing power abilities (59 × 10 3 U/g) in vitro, reveal that H. pluvialis astaxanthin may protect gastric mucosal injury by antioxidative mechanism. In addition, ~ 23 fold increased lipoxygenase-inhibitory property, in comparison with standard astaxanthin and significant H +, K +-ATPase-inhibitory activity of astaxanthin esters, in comparison with known proton pump blocking anti-ulcer drug — omeprazole, may envisage the potential gastroprotective effect by regulating the gastric mucosal injury and gastric acid secretion by the gastric cell during ulcer disease.