Phenols, flame retardants and phthalates in water and wastewater - a global problem

Organic pollutants in water and wastewater have been causing serious environmental problems. The arbitrary discharge of wastewater by industries, and handling, use, and disposal constitute a means by which phenols, flame retardants (FRs), phthalates (PAEs) and other toxic organic pollutants enter th...

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Published inWater science and technology Vol. 74; no. 5; pp. 1025 - 1038
Main Authors Ayanda, Olushola Sunday, Olutona, Godwin Oladele, Olumayede, Emmanuel G, Akintayo, Cecilia O, Ximba, Bhekumusa J
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England IWA Publishing 01.09.2016
Subjects
Bisphenol A
Carcinogens
Chemicals
Coal
Combined treatment
Composite materials
Discharge
Drinking water
Ecosystem
Endocrine system
Engineering
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Flame retardants
Flame Retardants - analysis
Freshwater
Gases
Hazardous materials
Hydrocarbons
Oxidation
Pesticides
Phenols
Phenols - chemistry
Phthalates
Phthalic Acids - chemistry
Pollutants
Toxicity
Waste Water - chemistry
Wastewater
Wastewater discharges
Water - chemistry
Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
Water pollution
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Summary:Organic pollutants in water and wastewater have been causing serious environmental problems. The arbitrary discharge of wastewater by industries, and handling, use, and disposal constitute a means by which phenols, flame retardants (FRs), phthalates (PAEs) and other toxic organic pollutants enter the ecosystem. Moreover, these organic pollutants are not completely removed during treatment processes and might be degraded into highly toxic derivatives, which has led to their occurrence in the environment. Phenols, FRs and PAEs are thus highly toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic, and are capable of disrupting the endocrine system. Therefore, investigation to understand the sources, pathways, behavior, toxicity and exposure to phenols, FRs and PAEs in the environment is necessary. Formation of different by-products makes it difficult to compare the efficacy of the treatment processes, most especially when other organic matters are present. Hence, high levels of phenols, FRs and PAEs removal could be attained with in-line combined treatment processes.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2016.314