Isolation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase from Dunaliella chloroplasts and comparison with isozymes from spinach leaves

• Published in: Plant physiology (Bethesda) Vol. 88; no. 3; pp. 896 - 903
• Main Authors: Gee, R, Goyal, A, Gerber, D, Byerrum, R.U, Tolbert, N.E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Rockville, MD American Society of Plant Physiologists 01.11.1988
• Subjects: ALGAE; ALGUE; Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry; Biological and medical sciences; Chloroplasts; comparative studies; dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase; Dunaliella; DUNALIELLA TERTIOLECTA; Enzymes; Enzymes and enzyme inhibitors; FEUILLE; FOSFATOS; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; HOJAS; ISOENZIMAS; ISOENZYME; ISOENZYMES; LEAVES; Lipids; Marine; Oxidoreductases; PHOSPHATE; PHOSPHATES; PLASTE; PLASTIDIOS; PLASTIDS; Protein isoforms; Pyridine nucleotides; Spinacea oleracea; Spinach; SPINACIA OLERACEA; Thioredoxin; Enzyme; Isozyme; Algae; Chlorophycophyta; Dunaliella tertiolecta; Spinacia oleracea; Chenopodiaceae; Characterization; Vegetable crop; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Isolation; Spermatophyta; Chloroplast; Comparative study; Thallophyta; Reductase
• ISSN: 0032-0889; 1532-2548
• DOI: 10.1104/pp.88.3.896

A dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) reductase has been isolated in 50% yield from Dunaliella tertiolecta by rapid chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The activity was located in the chloroplasts. The enzyme was cold labile, but if stored with 2 molar glycerol, most of the activity was restored at 30°C after 20 minutes. The spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) reductase isoforms were not activated by heat treatment. Whereas the spinach chloroplast DHAP reductase isoform was stimulated by leaf thioredoxin, the enzyme from Dunaliella was stimulated by reduced Escherichia coli thioredoxin. The reductase from Dunaliella was insensitive to surfactants, whereas the higher plant reductases were completely inhibited by traces of detergents. The partially purified, cold-inactivated reductase from Dunaliella was reactivated and stimulated by 25 millimolar Mg2+ or by 250 millimolar salts, such as NaCl or KCl, which inhibited the spinach chloroplast enzyme. Phosphate at 3 to 10 millimolar severely inhibited the algal enzyme, whereas phosphate stimulated the isoform in spinach chloroplasts. Phosphate inhibition of the algal reductase was partially reversed by the addition of NaCl or MgCl2 and totally by both. In the presence of 10 millimolar phosphate, 25 millimolar MgCl2, and 100 millimolar NaCl, reduced thioredoxin causes a further twofold stimulation of the algal enzyme. The Dunaliella reductase utilized either NADH or NADPH with the same pH maximum at about 7.0. The apparent Km (NADH) was 74 micromolar and Km (NADPH) was 81 micromolar. Apparent Vmax was 1100 μmoles DHAP reduced per hour per milligram chlorophyll for NADH, but due to NADH inhibition highest measured values were 350 to 400. The DHAP reductase from spinach chloroplasts exhibited little activity with NADPH above pH 7.0. Thus, the spinach chloroplast enzyme appears to use NADH in vivo, whereas the chloroplast enzyme from Dunaliella or the cytosolic isozyme from spinach may utilize either nucleotide.