Low HDL cholesterol, aggression and altered central serotonergic activity

• Published in: Psychiatry research Vol. 93; no. 2; pp. 93 - 102
• Main Authors: Buydens-Branchey, Laure, Branchey, Marc, Hudson, Jeffrey, Fergeson, Paul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 06.03.2000; Elsevier
• Subjects: Addictive behaviors; Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Aggression - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Cocaine-related disorders; Cocaine-Related Disorders - blood; Cocaine-Related Disorders - metabolism; Cocaine-Related Disorders - psychology; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Drug addiction; Humans; Hydrocortisone - blood; Impulsivity; Linear Models; Male; Medical sciences; Personality disorder; Personality disorders; Personality Disorders - blood; Personality Disorders - metabolism; Personality Disorders - psychology; Piperazines - metabolism; Prolactin - blood; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Serotonin; Serotonin Receptor Agonists - metabolism; Violence; Cocaine-related disorders; Impulsivity; Serotonin; Violence; Personality disorder; Human; Drug addiction; Impulse control disorder; Pathophysiology; Illicit drug; Central nervous system; Lipids; Male; Abstinence; Cholesterol; Ester; Serotoninergic pathway; Young adult; Dependence; Adult; Cocaine; Clinical investigation; Hemodynamics; Withdrawal syndrome; Neurotransmission; Aggressiveness; Brain (vertebrata)
• ISSN: 0165-1781; 1872-7123
• DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1781(99)00126-2

Many studies support a significant relation between low cholesterol levels and poor impulse, aggression and mood control. Evidence exists also for a causal link between low brain serotonin (5-HT) activity and these behaviors. Mechanisms linking cholesterol and hostile or self-destructive behavior are unknown, but it has been suggested that low cholesterol influences 5-HT function. This study was designed to explore the relationship between plasma cholesterol, measures of impulsivity and aggression, and indices of 5-HT function in personality disordered cocaine addicts. Thirty-eight hospitalized male patients (age 36.8±7.1) were assessed with the DSM-III-R, the Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and the Brown–Goodwin Assessment for Life History of Aggression. Fasting basal cholesterol (total, LDL and HDL) was determined 2 weeks after cocaine discontinuation. On the same day 5-HT function was assessed by neuroendocrine (cortisol and prolactin) and psychological (NIMH and ‘high’ self-rating scales) responses following meta-chlorophenylpiperazine ( m-CPP) challenges. Reduced neuroendocrine responses, ‘high’ feelings and increased ‘activation-euphoria’ following m-CPP have been interpreted as indicating 5-HT alterations in a variety of psychiatric conditions. Significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol were found in patients who had a history of aggression ( P=0.005). Lower levels of HDL cholesterol were also found to be significantly associated with more intense ‘high’ and ‘activation-euphoria’ responses as well as with blunted cortisol responses to m-CPP ( P=0.033, P=0.025 and P=0.018, respectively). This study gives further support to existing evidence indicating that in some individuals, the probability of exhibiting impulsive and violent behaviors may be increased when cholesterol is low. It also suggests that low cholesterol and alterations in 5-HT activity may be causally related.