The ameliorative impacts of wheat germ oil against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers: involvement of anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activities

• Published in: Toxicology research (Cambridge) Vol. 11; no. 2; pp. 325 - 338
• Main Authors: El-Shafey, Rabab Shaban, Baloza, Samar H, Mohammed, Lina Abdelhady, Nasr, Hend Elsayed, Soliman, Mohamed Mohamed, Ghamry, Heba I, Elgendy, Salwa A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 01.04.2022
• Subjects: gastric ulcers; wheat germ oil; mRNA gene expression; Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway; ethanol; oxidative stress
• ISSN: 2045-452X; 2045-4538; 2045-4538
• DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac012

This study examined if wheat germ oil (WGO) has gastroprotective impacts against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were assigned into control, WGO, ethanol, omeprazole + ethanol, and WGO + ethanol. WGO prevented gastric ulceration and damage induced by ethanol, the same effect induced by omeprazole, a widely known medication used for gastric ulcer treatment. WGO reduced gastric ulcer index, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels in the stomach. WGO boosted the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Bcl2, and the antioxidants. WGO showed inflammatory and anti-inflammatory impacts through the control of interleukin (IL)-1β, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 that were altered in ethanol-administered rats. Ethanol up-regulated caspase-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) expression and showed histopathological changes such as necrosis and mucosal degeneration that were mitigated by pre-administration of WGO. Moreover, WGO decreased gastric immunoreactivity of NF-kB and increased transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) that were associated with upregulation of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and antioxidant expression and production. In conclusion, WGO reduced ethanol-induced stomach toxicity by regulating genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic/antiapoptotic pathways.