Exercise in the Treatment of Addiction: A Systematic Literature Review

• Published in: Health education & behavior Vol. 49; no. 5; pp. 801 - 819
• Main Authors: Patterson, Megan S., Spadine, Mandy N., Graves Boswell, Taylor, Prochnow, Tyler, Amo, Christina, Francis, Allison N., Russell, Alex M., Heinrich, Katie M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.10.2022; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: Addictions; Addictive Behavior; Alcoholism; Design of experiments; Drug Addiction; Drug dependence; Exercise; Experimental design; Health Promotion; Intervention; Literature reviews; Matrix methods; Nicotine; Outcomes of Treatment; Physical Activities; Research Design; Research subjects; Smoking; Substance Abuse; Substance use disorder; adjunctive therapy; substance use disorders; physical activity
• ISSN: 1090-1981; 1552-6127
• DOI: 10.1177/10901981221090155

Background Exercise has been recognized as a promising and emerging treatment for individuals recovering from addiction. The purpose of this article was to systematically review scientific studies using exercise as a means to improve, sustain, or treat addictions, and to provide suggestions for the future use of exercise as a treatment method for addiction. Methods Using PRISMA guidelines, a database search was conducted for articles that tested the impact of exercise interventions on addiction-related outcomes. To be included, peer-reviewed experimental design studies had to use human subjects to investigate the relationship between exercise and the treatment of or recovery from addiction. Garrard’s Matrix Method was used to extract data from reviewed articles (n = 53). Results Nearly three quarters of the studies reviewed documented a significant change in addiction-related outcomes (e.g., more days abstinent, reduced cravings) in response to exercise exposure, particularly while someone was receiving treatment at an in or outpatient clinic. Many studies investigated the effect of acute bouts of exercise on nicotine dependence, and many studies had small sample sizes, leaving room for future research on how exercise might benefit people recovering from substance and process addictions. Conclusion Results affirm that exercise can be a helpful aspect of addiction treatment. Future researchers should investigate different exercise settings (e.g., group-based exercise vs individual) and explore exercise maintenance and the long-term outcomes following discharge from treatment facilities.