Cochlear implantation after traumatic brain injury without otic capsule fracture: A case report and literature review

• Published in: American journal of otolaryngology Vol. 41; no. 4; p. 102512
• Main Authors: Lindquist, Nathan R., Stapp, Michaela, Choi, Jonathan S., Lovin, Benjamin D., Sweeney, Alex D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2020; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Acoustic measurement; Acoustics; Brain; Brain stem; Case reports; Cochlea; Cochlear implantation; Cochlear implants; Concussion; Fractures; Head injuries; Hearing; Hearing loss; Implantation; Intracranial pressure; Ischemia; Literature reviews; Magnetic resonance imaging; Nervous system; Neurological complications; Otitis interna; Otology; Patients; Speech; Thresholds; Thrombosis; Trauma; Traumatic brain injury; United States > US; Traumatic brain injury; Concussion; Cochlear implantation; Hearing loss
• ISSN: 0196-0709; 1532-818X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102512

The aim of this study was to report a case of cochlear implantation (CI) for a patient with an otic capsule-sparing traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to review the relevant literature. A patient with history of TBI received a CI for bilateral profound hearing loss. A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify and compare similar cases. A 36-year-old male with a history of hearing loss from right acute labyrinthitis was referred for bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) after a fall with associated injury to the central auditory nervous system (CANS) including the brainstem. On the right, behavioral acoustic threshold measurements were in the profound range with absent OAEs. On the left, testing revealed no measurable behavioral acoustic thresholds and variable physiologic measures. A right unilateral cochlear implant was performed with most recent follow-up demonstrating speech awareness thresholds of 25 dB HL with excellent detection of all 6 Ling sounds. However, the patient also continues to suffer from other neurologic sequelae related to his TBI, which challenge his ability to demonstrate objective and subjective benefit. A systematic review of the literature demonstrates variable outcomes for patients with TBI and SNHL. Patients with profound SNHL and TBI present a distinct rehabilitative challenge for clinicians. CI may provide meaningful benefit in this population, though care should be taken in patient selection and counseling.