Titania nanotubes with adjustable dimensions for drug reservoir sites and enhanced cell adhesion

• Published in: Materials Science & Engineering C Vol. 35; pp. 100 - 105
• Main Authors: Çalışkan, Nazlı, Bayram, Cem, Erdal, Ebru, Karahaliloğlu, Zeynep, Denkbaş, Emir Baki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.02.2014
• Subjects: Anodic oxidation; Anodizing; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Cell Adhesion - physiology; Cell Survival - drug effects; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemical synthesis; Drug eluting implant; Drug Implants - administration & dosage; Drug Implants - chemistry; Drug release; Drugs; Elution; Gentamicin; Gentamicins - administration & dosage; Gentamicins - chemistry; Implant infection; Materials Testing; Nanocapsules - chemistry; Nanocapsules - ultrastructure; Nanotubes; Nanotubes - chemistry; Nanotubes - ultrastructure; Particle Size; Releasing; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Staphylococcus aureus - physiology; Surgical implants; Titania nanotube; Titanium; Titanium - chemistry; Titanium dioxide; Wettability; Drug release; Anodic oxidation; Implant infection; Titania nanotube; Gentamicin; Drug eluting implant
• ISSN: 0928-4931; 1873-0191
• DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.10.033

This study aims to generate a bactericidal agent releasing surface via nanotube layer on titanium metal and to investigate how aspect ratio of nanotubes affects drug elution time and cell proliferation. Titania nanotube layers were generated on metal surfaces by anodic oxidation at various voltage and time parameters. Gentamicin loading was carried out via simple pipetting and the samples were tested against S. aureus for the efficacy of the applied modification. Drug releasing time and cell proliferation were also tested in vitro. Titania nanotube layers with varying diameters and lengths were prepared after anodization and anodizing duration was found as the most effective parameter for amount of loaded drug and drug releasing time. Drug elution lasted up to 4days after anodizing for 80min of the samples, whereas release completed in 24h when the samples were anodized for 20min. All processed samples had bactericidal properties against S. aureus organism except unmodified titanium, which was also subjected to drug incorporation step. The anodization also enhanced water wettability and cell adhesion results. Anodic oxidation is an effective surface modification to enhance tissue–implant interactions and also resultant titania layer can act as a drug reservoir for the release of bactericidal agents. The use of implants as local drug eluting devices is promising but further in vivo testing is required. •Titanium surfaces were anodized and a nanotubular titania layer was obtained.•Drug eluting time was found to be increasing with anodizaton time.•Varying nanotube diameters has no effect in drug elution time but amount of incorporated drug.