Neuromuscular monitoring at the orbicularis oculi may overestimate the blockade in myasthenic patients

• Published in: Anesthesiology (Philadelphia) Vol. 93; no. 5; pp. 1194 - 1197
• Main Authors: ITOH, Hironori, SHIBATA, Keizo, YOSHIDA, Masahiro, YAMAMOTO, Ken
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hagerstown, MD Lippincott 01.11.2000
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Anesthesia depending on patient's condition; Anesthesia, General - methods; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Biological and medical sciences; Electromyography - methods; Facial Nerve - drug effects; Facial Nerve - physiopathology; Female; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative - methods; Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects; Muscle, Skeletal - innervation; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Myasthenia Gravis - physiopathology; Neuromuscular Blockade; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents - therapeutic use; Oculomotor Muscles - drug effects; Oculomotor Muscles - innervation; Oculomotor Muscles - physiopathology; Ulnar Nerve - drug effects; Ulnar Nerve - physiopathology; Vecuronium Bromide - therapeutic use; Human; Steroid; Neuromuscular diseases; Nervous system diseases; Adductor pollicis muscle; General anesthesia; Orbicularis oculi muscle; Neuromuscular transmission; Vecuronium bromide; Non depolarisant myorelaxant; Myasthenia gravis; Neuromuscular blocking; Monitoring
• ISSN: 0003-3022; 1528-1175
• DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200011000-00010

In most publications about myasthenia, monitoring neuromuscular blockade during anesthesia is recommended. In healthy patients, the relation of blockade between muscles has been established, but there is little information about the relation in myasthenic patients. Our objective was to investigate whether the relation between the orbicularis oculi and adductor pollicis muscles is the same in healthy patients and myasthenic patients. After anesthesia was induced with 4-6 mg/kg thiopental and 2 microg/kg fentanyl, followed by 2% sevoflurane and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen, 10 healthy patients and 10 myasthenic patients received 0. 025 and 0.01 mg/kg vecuronium, respectively. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed with use of accelerometry at the orbicularis oculi and the adductor pollicis muscles by stimulating the temporal branch of the facial nerve and the ulnar nerve. The relation of blockade between these two muscles was not the same in healthy patients and myasthenic patients: in healthy patients, the maximum neuromuscular blockade with 0.025 mg/kg vecuronium was less in the orbicularis oculi than in the adductor pollicis (median 72% vs. 91%; P < 0.05); in contrast, in myasthenic patients, the blockade with 0.01 mg/kg vecuronium was greater in the orbicularis oculi than in the adductor pollicis (median 96% vs. 62%; P < 0.05). Neuromuscular monitoring at the orbicularis oculi may overestimate blockade in myasthenic patients. Extubation must be performed when the muscle most sensitive to neuromuscular blocking agents is recovered. Therefore, neuromuscular monitoring at the orbicularis oculi is recommended to avoid persistent neuromuscular blockade in patients with myasthenia gravis.