Spatial and trend analysis of gestational syphilis cases in Brazil from 2011 to 2020: an ecological study

• Published in: BMC public health Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 1859 - 11
• Main Authors: da Silva, Thales Philipe Rodrigues, Schreck, Rafaela Siqueira Costa, de Oliveira, Débora Caixeta Bernardes, Mascarenhas, Letícia Vieira, Luvisaro, Bianca Maria Oliveira, Camargo, Bárbara Tideman Sartório, Martins, Eunice Francisca, de Freitas, Giselle Lima, Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 11.07.2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Autoregressive models; Bacteria; Brazil - epidemiology; Care and treatment; Cluster analysis; Clusters; Congenital diseases; Data analysis; Diagnosis; Ecological studies; Evaluation; Female; Gestational syphilis; Humans; Infections; Information systems; Municipalities; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology; Pregnant women; Prenatal care; Public health; Public health administration; Sexually transmitted diseases; Software; Spatial Analysis; Spatial data; Spatial distribution; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; STD; Surveillance; Syphilis; Syphilis - epidemiology; Thematic mapping; Trend analysis; Trends; Womens health; Brazil; Sexually transmitted diseases; Gestational syphilis; Pregnant women; Syphilis
• ISSN: 1471-2458; 1471-2458
• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19286-z

To analyze the rate of gestational syphilis (GS) based on temporal trends over 11 years, as well as the spatial distribution of GS in Brazil, based on the identification of spatial clusters. An ecological, using Brazil and its regions as an analysis unit, based on gestational syphilis data reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), from 2011 to 2020. Thematic maps were built for spatial data analysis, and the Prais-Winsten autoregressive model was used to verify the trend. Spatial analysis identified the distribution of clusters (high-high; low-low; high-low and low-high) of distribution of GS across Brazilian municipalities, using a 5% significance level. Gestational syphilis experienced a considerable increase in cases during the studied period, with a peak of 37,436 cases in 2018. The spatial distribution of the disease is heterogeneous in the country. A growing trend was observed in all states of Brazil, except for Espírito Santo, where it remained stationary, with a monthly variation of 10.32%. The spatial and temporal trend analysis point to syphilis as an important public health problem. The numbers are alarming and show the urgent need for measures to prevent and control syphilis during pregnancy.