Human Body Heat Based Thermoelectric Harvester with Ultra-Low Input Power Management System for Wireless Sensors Powering

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 20; p. 3942
• Main Authors: Xia, Chengshuo, Zhang, Daxing, Pedrycz, Witold, Fan, Kangqi, Guo, Yongxian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 17.10.2019
• Subjects: Ambient temperature; Batteries; Circuit design; Efficiency; Electric potential; Electricity; Energy harvesting; Energy management; Energy storage; Exhaustion; Generators; Heat; Human body; Integrated circuits; Power consumption; Power management; power management system; Researchers; Sensors; Solar energy; Solar panels; Temperature gradients; Temperature requirements; Thermal energy; Thermoelectric generators; Thermoelectricity; Voltage; Wireless networks; Wireless sensor networks; wireless sensor node; Working hours; United States > US; China
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en12203942

Energy harvesting (EH) technique has been proposed as a favorable solution for addressing the power supply exhaustion in a wireless sensor node and prolong the operating time for a wireless sensor network. Thermoelectric energy generator (TEG) is a valuable device converting the waste heat into electricity which can be collected and stored for electronics. In this paper, the thermal energy from human body is captured and converted to the low electrical energy by means of thermoelectric energy harvester. The aim of presented work is utilizing the converted electricity to power the related electronic device and to extend the working life of a sensor node. Considering the related characteristics of TEG used for human, a type of a novel power management system is designed and presented to harvest generated electricity. The proposed circuit is developed based on off-the-shelf commercial chips, LTC3108 and BQ25504. It can accept the lowest input voltage of 20 mV, which is more suitable for human thermoelectric energy harvesting. Through experiments, developed energy harvesting system can effectively power the sensor to intermittently transmit the data as well as perform the converted energy storage. Compared to the independent commercial chips applications and other microcontroller-based energy harvesting systems, the designed thermoelectric energy harvester system presents the advantages not only in high energy storage utilization rate but also the ultra-low input voltage characteristic. Since the heat from human body is harvested, therefore, the system can possibly be used to power the sensor placed on human body and has practical applications such as physiological parameter monitoring.