Long-pulse high-performance H-mode plasmas achieved on EAST

• Published in: Physics of plasmas Vol. 30; no. 6
• Main Authors: Huang, J., Gong, X., Garofalo, A. M., Qian, J., Ding, R., Zhang, X. J., Chen, J. L., Li, M. H., Yu, Y. W., Wang, Y. F., Huang, Y., Si, H., Meng, L. Y., Jia, T. Q., Sun, Y. X., Zeng, L., Han, L., Duan, Y. M., Ekedahl, A., Holcomb, C. T., Maingi, R., Li, E. Z., Liu, H. Q., Lyu, B., Ren, Q. L., Sun, Y. W., Wang, L., Xu, L. Q., Yao, D. M., Yang, Q. Q., Zang, Q., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Zhai, X. M., Zuo, G. Z., Li, G. Q., Zi, P. F., Wang, M., Xu, H. D., Yuan, Q. P., Xie, Y. H., Huang, L. S., Zhang, J., Hu, Y. L., Xi, W. B., Zhou, Z. W., Wang, Z. C., Guo, B., Xu, G. S., Hu, J. S., Lu, K., Song, Y. T., Wan, B. N., Li, J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.06.2023
• ISSN: 1070-664X; 1089-7674
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0146690

A record duration of a 310 s H-mode plasma (H98y2 ∼ 1.3, ne/nGW ∼ 0.7, fBS > 50%) has been recently achieved on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) with metal walls, exploiting the device's improved long-pulse capabilities. The experiment demonstrates good control of tungsten concentration, core/edge MHD stability, and particle and heat exhaust with an ITER-like tungsten divertor and zero injected torque, establishing a milestone on the path to steady-state long-pulse high-performance scenarios in support of ITER and CFETR. Important synergistic effects are leveraged toward this result, which relies purely on radio frequency (RF) powers for heating and current drive (H&CD). On-axis electron cyclotron heating enhances the H&CD efficiency from lower hybrid wave injection, increasing confinement quality and enabling fully non-inductive operation at high density (ne/nGW ∼ 70%) and high poloidal beta (βP ∼ 2.5). A small-amplitude grassy edge localized mode regime facilitates the RF power coupling to the H-mode edge and reduces divertor sputtering/erosion. The high energy confinement quality (H98y2 ∼ 1.3) is achieved with the experimental and simulated results pointing to the strong effect of Shafranov shift on turbulence. Transport analysis suggests that trapped electron modes dominate in the core region during the record discharge. The detailed physics processes (RF synergy, core-edge integration, confinement properties, etc.) of the steady-state operation will be illustrated in the content. In the future, EAST will aim at accessing more relevant dimensionless parameters to develop long-pulse high-performance plasma toward ITER and CFETR steady-state advanced operation.