Comparison of ionic and non-ionic drug release from multi-membrane spherical aerogels

• Published in: International journal of pharmaceutics Vol. 454; no. 1; pp. 58 - 66
• Main Authors: Veronovski, Anja, Knez, Željko, Novak, Zoran
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.09.2013
• Subjects: Alginate gel; Alginates - chemistry; barium; Barium Compounds - chemistry; biodegradability; calcium; calcium chloride; Calcium Chloride - chemistry; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chlorides - chemistry; Controlled drug release; Cross-Linking Reagents - chemistry; crosslinking; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug carrier; Drug Carriers; drying; Gels; Glucuronic Acid - chemistry; Hexuronic Acids - chemistry; hydrocolloids; Kinetics; Linear Models; Membranes, Artificial; metal ions; Multi-membrane gel; Natural polysaccharide; niacin; Niacin - chemistry; sodium alginate; sol-gel processing; Solubility; Technology, Pharmaceutical - methods; Temperature; theophylline; Theophylline - chemistry; Natural polysaccharide; Multi-membrane gel; Drug carrier; Controlled drug release; Alginate gel
• ISSN: 0378-5173; 1873-3476
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.074

Alginate multi-membrane aerogels, prepared using Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions for alginate cross-linking, were used as ionic and non-ionic drug carriers for oral drug delivery. After optimising parameters during sol–gel synthesis, prolonged release of both drugs was obtained. The presented research was oriented towards the preparation of dry biodegradable alginate aerogels with multi-membranes using a multi-step sol–gel process with potential applications as carriers during oral drug delivery. First alginate spherical hydrogels were formed in CaCl2 or BaCl2 solutions by ionic cross-linking. These cores were further immersed into alginate sodium solution, filtered through a sieve, and dropped into the salt solution again. Multi-membrane hydrogels were obtained by repeating the above process. They were further converted into aerogels by supercritical drying. The effect of the number of membranes was investigated regarding the loading and release of the model drugs nicotinic acid and theophylline. Moreover, the efficiencies of Ba2+ and Ca2+ metal ions for forming tridimensional networks that retain and extend drug release were also investigated. Nicotinic acid release was prolonged by adding membranes around the core and using Ca2+ for cross-linking. However, retarded theophylline release was only obtained by using Ba2+ for cross-linking. Namely, by increasing the number of membranes and BaCl2 concentration drug release became linear versus time in all studied cases. In the case of nicotinic acid loading increased by adding membranes around the core, however, for theophylline the opposite results were obtained due to the different nature of the model drugs.