From inflammatory signaling to neuronal damage: Exploring NLR inflammasomes in ageing neurological disorders

• Published in: Heliyon Vol. 10; no. 12; p. e32688
• Main Authors: Zhang, Jingwen, Xie, Dong, Jiao, Danli, Zhou, Shuang, Liu, Shimin, Ju, Ziyong, Hu, Li, Qi, Li, Yao, Chongjie, Zhao, Chen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 30.06.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Ageing; Neurological disorders; NLR inflammasomes; Review; Treatment; NLR inflammasomes; Treatment; Ageing; Neurological disorders
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32688

The persistence of neuronal degeneration and damage is a major obstacle in ageing medicine. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors detect environmental stressors and trigger the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can cause neuronal damage and accelerate cell death. NLR (NOD-like receptors) inflammasomes are protein complexes that contain NOD-like receptors. Studying the role of NLR inflammasomes in ageing-related neurological disorders can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration. This includes investigating their activation of inflammasomes, transcription, and capacity to promote or inhibit inflammatory signaling, as well as exploring strategies to regulate NLR inflammasomes levels. This review summarizes the use of NLR inflammasomes in guiding neuronal degeneration and injury during the ageing process, covering several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, and peripheral neuropathies. To improve the quality of life and slow the progression of neurological damage, NLR-based treatment strategies, including inhibitor-related therapies and physical therapy, are presented. Additionally, important connections between age-related neurological disorders and NLR inflammasomes are highlighted to guide future research and facilitate the development of new treatment options. •Neurodegenerative diseases associated with neuroinflammation in ageing.•Activation of the NLR inflammasomes is key to the mechanism of neurodegeneration in ageing.•NLR inflammasomes could be a promising target for inhibiting neuroinflammation.•Physical therapy has a positive effect on neurological disorders in the ageing process.