Cardiovascular toxicity in breast cancer patients - contributors and role of cardioprotective drugs

• Published in: Monaldi archives for chest disease Vol. 93; no. 4
• Main Authors: Martins Carvalho, Miguel, Alves Pinto, Ricardo, Proença, Tânia, Costa, Inês, Tavares, Nuno, Paiva, Mariana, Sousa, Carla, Macedo, Filipe
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Italy PAGEPress Publications 28.03.2023
• Subjects: anthracyclines; anti-HER2 therapy; breast cancer; cardiovascular toxicity; chemotherapy; trastuzumab
• ISSN: 1122-0643; 2532-5264
• DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2514

Breast cancer (BC) patients treated with anthracyclines and/or anti-HER2-targeted therapies (AHT) are highly associated with cardiovascular toxicity (CVT). Our objective was to evaluate the risk of CVT secondary to cancer treatment and the role of cardioprotective-drugs (CPD) in BC patients. We collected a retrospective cohort of females with BC treated with chemotherapy and/or AHT from 2017 to 2019. CVT was defined as LVEF<50% or decline ≥10% during follow-up. As CPD, we considered renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system inhibitors and beta-blockers. A subgroup analysis of the AHT patients was also performed. A total of 203 women were enrolled. The majority had high or very-high CVT risk score and normal cardiac function at presentation. As for CPD, 35.5% were medicated pre-chemotherapy. All patients were submitted to chemotherapy; AHT were applied to 41.7%. During a 16 months follow-up, 8.5% developed CVT. There was a significant decrease of GLS and LVEF at 12-months (decrease of 1.1% and 2.2%, p<0.001). AHT and combined therapy were significantly associated with CVT. In the AHT sub-group analysis (n=85), 15.7% developed CVT. Patients previously medicated with CPD had a significative lower incidence of CVT (2.9% vs 25.0%, p=0.006). Patients already on CPD presented a higher LVEF at 6-months follow-up (62.5% vs 59.2%, p=0.017). Patients submitted to AHT and anthracycline therapy had higher risk of developing CVT. In the AHT sub-group, pre-treatment with CPD was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of CVT. These results highlight the importance of cardio-oncology evaluation and strengthen the value of primary prevention.