Plant species diversity and composition of wet grasslands in relation to environmental factors

• Published in: Biodiversity and conservation Vol. 22; no. 10; pp. 2179 - 2192
• Main Authors: Zelnik, Igor, Čarni, Andraž
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.09.2013; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abiotic factors; Altitude; Biodiversity; Biological diversity; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Climatic conditions; Conservation Biology/Ecology; Ecology; Ecosystem components; Environment; Environmental factors; Flowers & plants; Grasslands; Life Sciences; Molinietalia; Mountain regions; Original Paper; Plant diversity; Plant species; Soil acidity; Soil pH; Soils; Species composition; Species diversity; Species richness; Italy, Po Plain; Slovenia; Floristic composition; Biodiversity; Wetland; Vegetation ecology; Environmental conditions; Wet meadow
• ISSN: 0960-3115; 1572-9710
• DOI: 10.1007/s10531-013-0448-x

Relationships between environmental factors and plant species-richness as well as the composition of plant species in wet grasslands from the order Molinietalia caeruleae were studied with a view to quantifying the relative contribution of different abiotic factors, such as soil chemical parameters, climatic conditions and human impact to diversity of vascular plants and floristic composition. Data and soil samples were collected from 88 plots across Slovenia from regions at the eastern edge of the Po plain, karstic and pre-Alpine mountain regions and the western part of the Pannonian plain, which are classified to sub-Mediterranean, Dinnaric, pre-Alpine and sub-Pannonian phytogeographic areas. Plant diversity was positively correlated with the content of exchangeable Ca 2+ in soil and the amount of annual precipitation, while significant negative correlation was calculated in case of the plant-available phosphorous content and altitude. Moreover, plant species richness was also negatively correlated with altitude. Among the groups of environmental factors the group of soil factors revealed the strongest correlation with species richness, followed by climatic and topographic group. The order of these groups was the same in the explanation of species composition. Variance of plant species composition was best explained with altitude, soil pH, geographical gradient, frequency of flooding, mean annual temperature, date of mowing, humidity, annual amount of precipitation as well as with the content of plant-available phosphorous, total nitrogen, exchangeable Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ in the soil.