Investigation of Color and Bioactive Compounds of Different Colors from Pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.) Dried in Hot Air Dryer

• Published in: Horticulturae Vol. 9; no. 2; p. 186
• Main Authors: Hazar, Deniz, Boyar, Ismail, Dincer, Cuneyt, Ertekin, Can
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2023
• Subjects: Air temperature; Anniversaries; Anthocyanin; Anthocyanins; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Bioactive compounds; Biological activity; Citrus fruits; Color; Comparative analysis; convective drying; Cultivars; Drying; edible flower; Flowers; Flowers & plants; Food preservation; Fruits; Gardens & gardening; Glucosides; High temperature air; Measurement; Moisture content; Pansies; pansy; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Polyamines; Shelf life; Temperature; Testing; Viola × wittrockiana; Turkey
• ISSN: 2311-7524; 2311-7524
• DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9020186

The popularity of edible flowers is increasing day by day and new solutions are sought due to their short shelf life. For this purpose, in this study, four different colors of Viola × wittrockiana Gams.; white (Fino Clear White), orange (Delta Pure Orange), bordeaux/mauve rose (Mammoth Rocky Rose), and yellow (Delta Premium Pure Lemon) flowers were dried at drying air temperature of 60, 70, and 80 °C with a convective hot air dryer. Color (L*, a*, b*, C*, h°, ∆E, and BI), drying time and bioactive compounds (Total Phenolic Content (TPC), anthocyanin content (AC), and antioxidant activity (AO) values were measured). The orange flowers showed the fastest drying (78 min at 80 °C). The lowest total color change (∆E) (4.58 at 70 °C) and browning index (BI) (9.58 at 60 °C) values were observed in all drying processes of white flowers. The highest AC was determined in bordeaux flowers in both fresh (2.4 mg malvidin glucoside/g) and dried (25.57 mg malvidin glucoside/g at 60 °C) samples. The AO decreased in all samples depending on the temperature increase, it was found that the most beneficial result in terms of bioactive compounds was the bordeaux flowers dried at drying air temperature of 60 °C.