Self-Awareness and Stereotypes: Accurate Prediction of Implicit Gender Stereotyping

• Published in: Personality & social psychology bulletin Vol. 49; no. 12; pp. 1695 - 1708
• Main Authors: Rahmani Azad, Zahra, Goedderz, Alexandra, Hahn, Adam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.12.2023; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: Automatic processes; Consciousness; Gender; Gender stereotypes; Predictions; Self awareness; Selfawareness; Social groups; Stereotypes; implicit association test; gender stereotypes; stereotypes; awareness; implicit cognition; implicit attitudes
• ISSN: 0146-1672; 1552-7433
• DOI: 10.1177/01461672221120703

Research showing that people can predict the patterns of their implicit evaluations toward social groups has raised questions concerning how widely these findings extend to other domains, such as semantic implicit stereotyping. In a preregistered laboratory study, participants were asked to predict their scores on five implicit gender stereotyping Implicit Associations Tests (IATs). Within-subjects correlations between IAT score predictions and IAT scores showed high levels of accuracy. Although part of the IAT score patterns could be predicted from shared knowledge, own predictions significantly outperformed predictions of random others and normative patterns, suggesting self-awareness beyond reliance on shared knowledge. In line with dual-process models emphasizing that different information is captured by implicit as opposed to explicit measures, predictions explained correlations between implicit and traditional explicit stereotyping measures, and led to acknowledgment of bias. Discussion focuses on understanding conscious awareness of semantic automatic processes and conceptualizations of the cognitions underlying implicit measures.