Semi-Automatic Analysis of Specific Electroencephalographic Patterns during NREM2 Sleep in a Pediatric Population after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

• Published in: Journal of personalized medicine Vol. 14; no. 2; p. 152
• Main Authors: Di Bella, Paolo, Attardi, Anna Gaia, Butera, Ambra, Mancini, Arianna, Calabrò, Nunzia, Lo Re, Elisa Giuseppa, Trimarchi, Giuseppe, Nicotera, Antonio Gennaro, Di Rosa, Gabriella, Giudice, Daniela Lo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Activity patterns; Analysis; Asthenia; Children & youth; COVID-19; EEG; Electroencephalography; Infection; Infections; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Mental disorders; Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; Nervous system diseases; Pandemics; Parents & parenting; Pediatrics; Physiology; Questionnaires; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Sleep disorders; Thalamus; SARS-CoV-2; sleep spindles; slow spindles; EEG; NREM2 sleep; fast spindles; post COVID19 condition; pediatric
• ISSN: 2075-4426; 2075-4426
• DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020152

The post-COVID-19 condition is defined by the World Health Organization as the persistence of symptoms or development of new symptoms three months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, lasting for at least two months without a clear explanation. Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with this condition include asthenia, memory and concentration problems, and sleep disturbances. Our study aims to investigate sleep patterns following SARS-CoV-2 infection using EEG findings and a sleep quality questionnaire completed by parents (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children-SDSC). Notably, our investigation is based on a convenience sample. The patients in our sample, aged 1 to 14 years, are not currently taking any medications; rather, they are undergoing follow-up assessments at the Child Neuropsychiatry department of the University Hospital of Messina for neurodevelopmental evaluations. Specifically, we are analyzing amplitude and power spectrum data in the first five minutes of NREM2 sleep, calculated from EEG recordings obtained via bipolar leads within three months after the onset of the disease. These results will be compared with controls performed on the same subjects in the six months preceding the infection. The focus of the study was sleep spindles, which are generated by the thalamocortical systems and play a role in sleep modulation, memory, and learning. Preliminary analysis suggests a predominant increase in the slow component of the spindles in the right-frontal lead.