Prehistoric animal use on the Great Hungarian Plain: A synthesis of isotope and residue analyses from the Neolithic and Copper Age

• Published in: Journal of anthropological archaeology Vol. 31; no. 4; pp. 515 - 527
• Main Authors: Hoekman-Sites, Hanneke A., Giblin, Julia I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.12.2012; Elsevier; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Ancient civilizations; Animal husbandry; Animal products; Archaeology; Central and Eastern Europe; Copper Age; Cultural anthropology; Environmental studies; Europe; Farmers; Fauna; Great Hungarian Plain; Herd management; Hungary; Isotopes; Livestock; Methodology and general studies; Neolithic; Neolithic Age; Neolithic and chalcolithic; Organic residues; Prehistoric era; Prehistory and protohistory; Secondary products; Skeletal remains; Alfold; Chalcolithic; Neolithic; Hungary; Europe; Farmers; Herd management; Skeletal remains; Copper Age; Great Hungarian Plain; Livestock; Isotopes; Organic residues; Neolithic; Secondary products; Subsistence strategy; Animal bone; Breeding; Animal; Isotope Analysis
• ISSN: 0278-4165; 1090-2686
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2012.05.002

► The transition to the Copper Age in Eastern Hungary has been associated with an agropastoral economy. ► Isotope data from skeletal remains and residue analysis from ceramics are presented. ► Results indicate that animal product use was high during both periods. ► Dairy use was minimal. ► This implies that the introduction of an agropastoral economy does not explain cultural changes during the Copper Age. The archaeological record of Eastern Hungary indicates that settlement patterns, subsistence strategies, ceramic style, trade patterns and mortuary customs changed from the Late Neolithic to the Copper Age (5000–2700cal BC). Despite a rich archaeological tradition, questions remain regarding the management and use of domesticated animals and the role animal husbandry played in social change during this transition. Some researchers have hypothesized that these changes reflect a shift towards an economy that intensified its focus on primary and perhaps secondary animal products. Here we synthesize isotope data from human and animal remains and residue analysis from pottery sherds from Neolithic and Copper Age assemblages. Results indicate that the consumption and use of animal protein and fat was relatively high for both periods, with an increase in animal fats in ceramic vessels during the Middle Copper Age; however, milk products do not appear to have played an important dietary role. We conclude that livestock management remained small-scale during the Neolithic and Copper Age and that dairy use was minimal. It is proposed that the cultural changes that occurred at this time were associated with the emergence of smaller, independent farmsteads and perhaps the innovative use of secondary products like manure.