Impact of the Gut Microbiota Balance on the Health–Disease Relationship: The Importance of Consuming Probiotics and Prebiotics

• Published in: Foods Vol. 10; no. 6; p. 1261
• Main Authors: Olvera-Rosales, Laura-Berenice, Cruz-Guerrero, Alma-Elizabeth, Ramírez-Moreno, Esther, Quintero-Lira, Aurora, Contreras-López, Elizabeth, Jaimez-Ordaz, Judith, Castañeda-Ovando, Araceli, Añorve-Morga, Javier, Calderón-Ramos, Zuli-Guadalupe, Arias-Rico, José, González-Olivares, Luis-Guillermo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 02.06.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Brain cancer; Composition; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Digestive system; Dysbacteriosis; Food science; Gastrointestinal diseases; Gastrointestinal system; Gastrointestinal tract; Gene expression; Homeostasis; Immune system; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolites; Microbiota; microbiota–intestine–brain axis; Microorganisms; Nervous system; Neurodegenerative diseases; Obesity; Pathogens; prebiotic; Prebiotics; probiotic; Probiotics; Review
• ISSN: 2304-8158; 2304-8158
• DOI: 10.3390/foods10061261

Gut microbiota is a group of microorganisms that are deposited throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. Currently, thanks to genomic tools, studies of gut microbiota have pointed towards the understanding of the metabolism of important bacteria that are not cultivable and their relationship with human homeostasis. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota could explain, at least in part, some epidemics, such as diabetes and obesity. Likewise, dysbiosis has been associated with gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. That is why several studies have recently been focused on the direct relationship that these types of conditions have with the specific composition of gut microbiota, as in the case of the microbiota–intestine–brain axis. In the same way, the control of microbiota is related to the diet. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of gut microbiota, from its composition to its relationship with the human health–disease condition, as well as emphasizes the effect of probiotic and prebiotic consumption on the balance of its composition.