Unique and specific Proteobacteria diversity in urinary microbiota of tolerant kidney transplanted recipients

• Published in: American journal of transplantation Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 145 - 158
• Main Authors: Colas, Luc, Mongodin, Emmanuel F., Montassier, Emmanuel, Chesneau, Mélanie, Guerif, Pierrick, Hittle, Lauren, Giral, Magali, Bromberg, Jonathan S., Brouard, Sophie, Blancho, Gilles, Branchereau, Julien, Cantarovich, Diego, Cesbron, Anne, Chapelet, Agnès, Dantal, Jacques, Delbos, Florent, Deltombe, Clément, Devis, Anne, Figueres, Lucile, Garandeau, Claire, Gourraud‐Vercel, Caroline, Hourmant, Maryvonne, Kandell, Christine, Karam, Georges, Kerleau, Clarisse, Meurette, Aurélie, Moreau, Anne, Renaudin, Karine, Ville, Simon, Walencik, Alexandre
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2020
• Subjects: Adult; Biodiversity; Biomarkers - urine; Calcineurin; Calcineurin inhibitors; Case-Control Studies; clinical research/practice; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejection - etiology; Graft Rejection - pathology; Graft Rejection - urine; Graft Survival - immunology; Humans; Immune system; Immune Tolerance - immunology; Immunological tolerance; immunosuppression/immune modulation; Immunosuppressive agents; Kidney transplantation; Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects; kidney transplantation/nephrology; Kidney transplants; Male; Microbiomes; microbiomics; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Proteobacteria; Proteobacteria - classification; Proteobacteria - genetics; Rapamycin; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; tolerance; TOR protein; translational research/science; Urine; microbiomics; translational research/science; immunosuppression/immune modulation; clinical research/practice; kidney transplantation/nephrology; tolerance
• ISSN: 1600-6135; 1600-6143; 1600-6143
• DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15549

Host‐microbiota interactions can modulate the immune system both at local and systemic levels, with potential consequences for organ transplantation outcomes. In this study, we hypothesized that differences in the urinary microbiome following kidney transplantation would be associated with posttransplantation status: stable, minimally immunosuppressed, or tolerant. One hundred thirteen urine samples from stable (n = 51), minimally immunosuppressed (n = 19), and spontaneously tolerant (n = 16) patients, paired with age‐matched controls (n = 27) were profiled and compared to each other at a taxonomic level with special interest in the immunosuppressive regimen. All comparisons and correlations were adjusted on sex and time posttransplantation. Our results highlighted a unique and specific urinary microbiota associated with spontaneous tolerance characterized by a high diversity and a clear Proteobacteria profile. Finally, we report that this profile is (1) impacted by gender, (2) inversely correlated with immunosuppressive drugs (calcineurin inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors), and (3) stable in time. Comparing taxonomic relative abundance and diversity of urinary microbiota between healthy volunteers and tolerant, stable, and minimally immunosuppressed kidney transplanted recipients, this study identifies and associates a specific Proteobacteria profile in the urine of kidney transplanted recipients with spontaneous tolerance.