Food web transfer of plastics to an apex riverine predator

• Published in: Global change biology Vol. 26; no. 7; pp. 3846 - 3857
• Main Authors: D’Souza, Joseph M., Windsor, Fredric M., Santillo, David, Ormerod, Stephen J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2020
• Subjects: Analytical methods; birds; Copolymers; Dipping; Food chains; Food webs; Fourier transforms; Freshwater; Freshwater ecosystems; Infrared spectroscopy; Inland water environment; Land cover; microplastics; Offspring; Plastics; pollution; Polymers; Polypropylene; Polyvinyl chloride; Predators; Prey; Provisioning; river ecosystems; Rivers; Urbanization; Vinyl chloride; food webs; river ecosystems; microplastics; birds; pollution
• ISSN: 1354-1013; 1365-2486
• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15139

As a rapidly accelerating expression of global change, plastics now occur extensively in freshwater ecosystems, yet there is barely any evidence of their transfer through food webs. Following previous observations that plastics occur widely in their prey, we used a field study of free‐living Eurasian dippers (Cinclus cinclus), to test the hypotheses that (1) plastics are transferred from prey to predators in rivers, (2) plastics contained in prey are transferred by adults to altricial offspring during provisioning and (3) plastic concentrations in faecal and regurgitated pellets from dippers increase with urbanization. Plastic occurred in 50% of regurgitates (n = 74) and 45% of faecal samples (n = 92) collected non‐invasively from adult and nestling dippers at 15 sites across South Wales (UK). Over 95% of particles were fibres, and concentrations in samples increased with urban land cover. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified multiple polymers, including polyester, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride copolymers. Although characterized by uncertainty, steady‐state models using energetic data along with plastic concentration in prey and excreta suggest that around 200 plastic particles are ingested daily by dippers, but also excreted at rates that suggest transitory throughput. As some of the first evidence revealing that plastic is now being transferred through freshwater food webs, and between adult passerines and their offspring, these data emphasize the need to appraise the potential ecotoxicological consequences of increasing plastic pollution. Using free‐living river birds (Eurasian dippers, Cinclus cinclus), we provide some of the first evidence of microplastic transfer through freshwater food webs, and from adult songbirds to their offspring. Plastic fibres of several polymers occurred in 50% of regurgitated pellets and 45% of faecal samples collected at 15 sites in South Wales (UK) at concentrations that increased with urbanization. Models using energetic data alongside plastic concentration in prey and excreta suggest that around 200 plastic particles are ingested daily by dippers, but also excreted at similar rates. These data reinforce the need to appraise the potential ecotoxicological consequences of increasing plastic pollution.