Circannual variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations and dexamethasone suppression test results in Standardbred horses, Andalusian horses and mixed‐breed ponies

• Published in: Australian veterinary journal Vol. 98; no. 12; pp. 616 - 621
• Main Authors: Bamford, NJ, Harris, PA, Bailey, SR
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Melbourne Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd 01.12.2020; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Autumn; breed; Breeding; Cortisol; Dexamethasone; endocrine; equine; hormone; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hydrocortisone; laminitis; Pituitary; Pituitary Diseases - veterinary; pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction; Plasma; Seasonal variations; Steroids; pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction; laminitis; breed; endocrine; equine; hormone
• ISSN: 0005-0423; 1751-0813
• DOI: 10.1111/avj.13022

Objective To compare circannual plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and seasonal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results between three different equine breed groups. Methods Six Standardbred horses, six Andalusian horses and six mixed‐breed ponies were followed over a 1‐year period, during which time groups were managed identically. Blood samples were collected monthly (around the autumn equinox) or in every second month (other times of the year) for the determination of plasma ACTH concentrations using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Overnight DSTs were performed quarterly, with suppression of plasma cortisol to below 27 nmol/L at 19 h considered a normal result. Results Seasonal variation in plasma ACTH concentrations was present among all breed groups with, as expected, higher levels detected around the autumn equinox, from February to April (P < 0.001). Plasma ACTH concentrations were different between breed groups in March, with higher levels in Andalusians compared with Standardbreds (P = 0.048) and in ponies compared with Standardbreds (P = 0.010). Suppression of cortisol during the DST was normal for all animals in winter, spring and summer, but five Andalusians and three ponies returned abnormally high results in autumn, compared with zero Standardbreds. Conclusion Higher plasma ACTH concentrations and more false‐positive DST results were obtained during autumn in ponies and Andalusian horses when compared with Standardbred horses. Potential differences between breeds should be considered when interpreting test results for horses and ponies that are evaluated for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Further work is recommended to establish population‐based reference intervals and clinical cut‐off values for ACTH in different equine breeds.