Scientific Findings of the Southern and Central Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research: Ten Years of Malaria Control Impact Assessments in Hypo-, Meso-, and Holoendemic Transmission Zones in Zambia and Zimbabwe
For a decade, the Southern and Central Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research has operated with local partners across study sites in Zambia and Zimbabwe that range from hypo- to holoendemic and vary ecologically and entomologically. The burden of malaria and the impact of con...
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Published in | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 107; no. 4_Suppl; pp. 55 - 67 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
11.10.2022
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | For a decade, the Southern and Central Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research has operated with local partners across study sites in Zambia and Zimbabwe that range from hypo- to holoendemic and vary ecologically and entomologically. The burden of malaria and the impact of control measures were assessed in longitudinal cohorts, cross-sectional surveys, passive and reactive case detection, and other observational designs that incorporated multidisciplinary scientific approaches: classical epidemiology, geospatial science, serosurveillance, parasite and mosquito genetics, and vector bionomics. Findings to date have helped elaborate the patterns and possible causes of sustained low-to-moderate transmission in southern Zambia and eastern Zimbabwe and recalcitrant high transmission and fatality in northern Zambia. Cryptic and novel mosquito vectors, asymptomatic parasite reservoirs in older children, residual parasitemia and gametocytemia after treatment, indoor residual spraying timed dyssynchronously to vector abundance, and stockouts of essential malaria commodities, all in the context of intractable rural poverty, appear to explain the persistent malaria burden despite current interventions. Ongoing studies of high-resolution transmission chains, parasite population structures, long-term malaria periodicity, and molecular entomology are further helping to lay new avenues for malaria control in southern and central Africa and similar settings. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Authors’ addresses: Matthew M. Ippolito, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: mippolito@jhu.edu. Mary E. Gebhardt, Ellen Ferriss, Jessica L. Schue, Tamaki Kobayashi, Amy Wesolowski, Timothy M. Shields, Andre Hackman, Clive Shiff, Douglas E. Norris, Peter C. Agre, and William J. Moss, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mails: mgebhar3@jhu.edu, ferriss@jhu.edu, jlschue@jhu.edu, tkobaya2@jhu.edu, awesolowski@jhu.edu, tshields@jhu.edu, ahackman@jhu.edu, cshiff1@jhu.edu, douglas.norris@jhu.edu, pagre@jhu.edu, and wmoss1@jhu.edu. Mike Chaponda, Jean-Bertin Kabuya, Mbanga Muleba, and Modest Mulenga, Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia, E-mails: chapondam@tdrc.org.zm, jeanbertinkabuya@gmail.com, mbangamuleba@gmail.com, and modest.mulenga@msi-inc.com. Monicah Mburu, Japhet Matoba, Michael Musonda, Ben Katowa, Mukuma Lubinda, Harry Hamapumbu, Philip E. Thuma, Macha Research Trust, Limonty Simubali, Twig Mudenda, Philip E. Thuma, and Edgar Simulundu, Choma, Zambia, E-mails: monicah.mburu@macharesearch.org, japhet.matoba@macharesearch.org, michael.musonda@macharesearch.org, ben.katowa@macharesearch.org, mukuma.lubinda@macharesearch.org, harry.hamapumbu@macharesearch.org, limonty.simubali@macharesearch.org, twig.mudenda@gmail.com, phil.thuma@macharesearch.org, and edgar.simulundu@macharesearch.org. Maureen Coetzee and Lizette Koekemoer, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, E-mails: maureen.coetzee@wits.ac.za and lizette.koekemoer@wits.ac.za. Shungu Munyati, Lovemore Gwanzura, and Sungano Mharakurwa, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, E-mails: shungumunyati@gmail.com, gwanzura@mweb.co.zw, and mharakurwas@africau.edu. Susan Mutambu, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe, E-mail: mutambusl@gmail.com. Jennifer C. Stevenson, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, and Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia, E-mail: jennycstevenson80@gmail.com. Jeffrey A. Bailey, Brown University, Providence, RI, E-mail: jeffrey_bailey@brown.edu. Jonathan J. Juliano, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, E-mail: jonathan_juliano@med.unc.edu. Gershom Chongwe, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, E-mail: gchongwe@gmail.com. Financial support: This work was supported by funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI089680), Bloomberg Philanthropies, and the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute. |
ISSN: | 0002-9637 1476-1645 1476-1645 |
DOI: | 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1287 |