Separation and Detection of Catechins and Epicatechins in Shanxi Aged Vinegar Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined with HPLC

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 29; no. 10; p. 2344
• Main Authors: Bai, Baoqing, Shen, Dan, Meng, Siyuan, Guo, Yanli, Feng, Bin, Bo, Tao, Zhang, Jinhua, Yang, Yukun, Fan, Sanhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.05.2024
• Subjects: Acetic Acid - chemistry; Acids; Activated carbon; Adsorbents; Adsorption; Analytical chemistry; catechin; Catechin - analysis; Catechin - chemistry; Chloride; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods; Cocoa; Deep Eutectic Solvents - chemistry; Efficiency; epicatechin; Evaluation; Fatty acids; High performance liquid chromatography; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent; Polyphenols; Resins; Shanxi aged vinegar; Solid Phase Extraction - methods; Solvents; Viscosity; vortex-assisted solid phase extraction; China; hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent; catechin; epicatechin; vortex-assisted solid phase extraction; Shanxi aged vinegar
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102344

This research presents a new, eco-friendly, and swift method combining solid-phase extraction and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES) with high-performance liquid chromatography (SPE-DES-HPLC) for extracting and quantifying catechin and epicatechin in Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV). The parameters, such as the elution solvent type, the XAD-2 macroporous resin dosage, the DES ratio, the DES volume, the adsorption time, and the desorption time, were optimized via a one-way experiment. A central composite design using the Box-Behnken methodology was employed to investigate the effects of various factors, including 17 experimental runs and the construction of three-dimensional response surface plots to identify the optimal conditions. The results show that the optimal conditions were an HDES (tetraethylammonium chloride and octanoic acid) ratio of 1:3, an XAD-2 macroporous resin dosage of 188 mg, and an adsorption time of 11 min. Under these optimal conditions, the coefficients of determination of the method were greater than or equal to 0.9917, the precision was less than 5%, and the recoveries ranged from 98.8% to 118.8%. The environmentally friendly nature of the analytical process and sample preparation was assessed via the Analytical Eco-Scale and AGREE, demonstrating that this method is a practical and eco-friendly alternative to conventional determination techniques. In summary, this innovative approach offers a solid foundation for the assessment of flavanol compounds present in SAV samples.