Post‐weaning xenohormone intake affects adult rat submandibular gland in a sex‐dependent manner

• Published in: Oral diseases Vol. 24; no. 7; pp. 1235 - 1246
• Main Authors: Kouidhi, Wided, Bergès, Raymond, Drouin, Gaêtan, Desmetz, Catherine, Auger, Jacques, El May, Michèle, Canivenc‐Lavier, Marie‐Chantal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Denmark Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.10.2018; Wiley
• Subjects: Androgen Antagonists - pharmacology; Androgen receptors; Animals; Body weight; Cystatin C; Cystatin C - genetics; Dentistry; Endocrine disruptors; epidermal growth factor; Epidermal Growth Factor - blood; Epidermal Growth Factor - genetics; Exocrine glands; Female; Food and Nutrition; Gene expression; Genistein; Genistein - pharmacology; Growth factors; Human health and pathology; Life Sciences; Male; Mucin; Oxazoles - pharmacology; Phytoestrogens - pharmacology; Progesterone; Rats; Receptors, Androgen - genetics; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Rodents; Salivary gland; Secretions; Sex Factors; sex‐dimorphism; Submandibular gland; Submandibular Gland - drug effects; Submandibular Gland - metabolism; Submandibular Gland - pathology; Transforming Growth Factor alpha - genetics; Tubules; Vinclozolin; Weaning; salivary gland; sex-dimorphism; epidermal growth factor; endocrine disruptors
• ISSN: 1354-523X; 1601-0825
• DOI: 10.1111/odi.12907

Objectives We previously reported that maternal exposure to genistein and vinclozolin, ingested alone or in combination, affects submandibular salivary glands of rat offspring. Here, we investigated the responsiveness of submandibular gland when such xenohormone exposure occurs later in life. Materials and Methods Chemicals were given orally to male and female Wistar rats (1 mg/kg body weight per day), from weaning to adulthood. Submandibular glands and plasma were collected at postnatal day 100 for histologic and molecular analysis. Results Whereas no effect was observed in females, increases in granular convoluted tubules area coupled with a modification of salivary secretions were found in male submandibular glands. Genistein and vinclozolin similarly increased the mRNA expression of Cystatin C, Mucin 10, Growth factors, and plasmatic EGF. Negative correlations were found between the expressions of androgen receptor and EGF (−0.34; p < 0.05), TGFα (−0.52; p < 0.01), Mucin 10 (−0.43; p < 0.05), and Cystatin C (−0.42; p < 0.05) as well as between progesterone receptor and EGF (−0.56; p < 0.01). The Spearman correlation test revealed also a positive correlation between salivary EGF‐mRNA expression and EGF in plasma (+0.32; p < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings confirm the sex‐dependent sensitivity of submandibular salivary glands to dietary xenohormones and underline the influence of the exposure period.