Ripe Tomato Saponin Esculeoside A and Sapogenol Esculeogenin A Suppress CD4+ T Lymphocyte Activation by Modulation of Th2/Th1/Treg Differentiation

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 10; p. 2021
• Main Authors: Zhou, Jian-Rong, Yamada, Rie, Huruiti, Erina, Kitahara, Nozomi, Nakamura, Honami, Fang, Jun, Nohara, Toshihiro, Yokomizo, Kazumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 11.05.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: CD25 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD4+ T lymphocyte; Cell activation; Cell culture; Chromatography; Concanavalin A; Cytokines; Cytometry; Dermatitis; Differentiation; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; esculeogenin A (Esg-A); esculeoside A (EsA); Foxp3 protein; Fruits; GATA-3 protein; Gene expression; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 2; Interleukin 4; Laboratory animals; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Molecular modelling; Nutrition; ripe tomato fruit saponin; Saponins; Th1; Th2; Thermal cycling; Thymus gland; Tomatoes; Transcription factors; United States > US; Japan; Germany; ripe tomato fruit saponin; Treg; esculeogenin A (Esg-A); CD4+ T lymphocyte; Th1; esculeoside A (EsA); Th2
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu14102021

We report that esculeoside A (EsA), a glycoside and a major component in ripe tomato fruit, ameliorated experimental dermatitis in mice. However, the underlying immunologic molecular mechanisms are unknown. The present study examined its underlying immune nutrition mechanism using concanavalin A (ConA)-blast mouse splenocyte primary culture. We found that EsA and its sapogenol esculeogenin A (Esg-A) concentration-dependently suppressed T-lymphoproliferation using CFSE-labeled flow-cytometry and water-soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay. Using ELISA and -PCR methods, EsA/Esg-A showed profound decreases in T helper 2 (Th2)-relevant interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion and mRNA expression, and GATA3 expression. Moreover, EsA/Esg-A suppressed CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation by decreasing IL-2 secretion and mRNA expression and CD25+ cell proportion. Further, EsA/Esg-A alleviated Treg suppressive activity by reducing IL-10 secretion, Foxp3 mRNA expression, and cell numbers. We suggest the immune nutrition function by tomato component, and highlight that EsA/Esg-A are capable of reducing CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation via a reduction in Th2-lymphocyte activity by modulation of Th2/Th1/Treg subunit differentiation.