An integrated approach based on archaeometry, use-wear analysis and experimental archaeology to investigate the function of a specific type of basin diffused in the Predynastic sites of lower Egypt (4th mill. BC)

• Published in: Quaternary international Vol. 555; pp. 135 - 149
• Main Authors: Bajeot, Jade, Caricola, Isabella, Medeghini, Laura, Vinciguerra, Vittorio, Forte, Vanessa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 30.07.2020; Elsevier
• Subjects: Archaeology and Prehistory; Experimental archaeology; Humanities and Social Sciences; Lower Egyptian culture; Pottery; Predynastic Egypt; Residue analysis; Use-wear analysis; Lower Egyptian culture; Pottery; Experimental archaeology; Residue analysis; Predynastic Egypt; Use-wear analysis
• ISSN: 1040-6182; 1873-4553
• DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.03.023

This paper focuses on the functional analysis of a specific oval shaped basin diffused in Lower Egyptian Predynastic sites during the first half of the 4th millennium BC. These oval shallow ceramic basins are characterised by a flat and wide inner surface that is covered by a layer of small rock fragments pressed into the clay matrix. Several archeologists have interpreted them as grinding tools, but the limited number of samples unearthed thus far and their poor state of preservation made this interpretation uncertain. Here we present the results of a preliminary integrated study based on the combination of experimental archaeology and petrographic, use-wear and residue analyses carried out on two samples from the Predynastic site of Maadi. The use-wear analysis of the archaeological fragments highlighted traces of an intentional grinding and light pounding of oily substances, which is also partially supported by the organic residue investigation. These results were tested through experimental tests that confirmed these basins are most likely mortars. Establishing the actual functional activities performed in such a unique type of vessel is important not only for understanding the social behaviors of the Lower Egyptian Predynastic communities and the dynamics related to the diffusion of such basins, but it also provides a new methodological framework for Egyptian Predynastic studies.