Spatial memory in nonhuman primates implanted with the subdural pharmacotherapy device

• Published in: Behavioural brain research Vol. 286; pp. 293 - 299
• Main Authors: Ludvig, Nandor, Tang, Hai M., Baptiste, Shirn L., Stefanov, Dimitre G., Kral, John G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.06.2015
• Subjects: Animals; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Equipment Safety; Food; Frontal cortex; Frontal Lobe; Functional Laterality; GABA-A Receptor Agonists - administration & dosage; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Macaca; Macaca radiata; Macaque; Male; Muscimol; Muscimol - administration & dosage; Neuropsychological Tests; Parietal cortex; Parietal Lobe; Sodium Chloride - administration & dosage; Spatial Memory - drug effects; Subarachnoid Space; Subdural Space; Subarachnoid space; Macaque; Frontal cortex; Muscimol; Parietal cortex
• ISSN: 0166-4328; 1872-7549
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.014

•Spatial memory performance of macaque monkeys was tested over 6 months.•Tests were done before and after subdural pharmacotherapy device placement.•The implantation site was over the right parietal/frontal cortex.•The device periodically delivered saline and subsequently 1.0mM muscimol.•Neither implantation nor saline or muscimol delivery affected spatial memory. This study investigated the possible influence of the Subdural Pharmacotherapy Device (SPD) on spatial memory in 3 adult, male bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). The device was implanted in and above the subdural/subarachnoid space and cranium overlaying the right parietal/frontal cortex: a circuitry involved in spatial memory processing. A large test chamber, equipped with four baited and four non-baited food-ports at different locations, was used: reaches into empty food ports were counted as spatial memory errors. In this study of within-subject design, before SPD implantation (control) the animals made mean 373.3±114.9 (mean±SEM) errors in the first spatial memory test session. This value dropped to 47.7±18.4 by the 8th session. After SPD implantation and alternating cycles of transmeningeal saline delivery and local cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in the implanted cortex the spatial memory error count, with the same port locations, was 33.0±12.2 during the first spatial memory test session, further decreasing to 5.7±3.5 by the 8th post-implantation session (P<0.001 for trend). Replacing transmeningeal saline delivery with similar delivery of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (1.0mM) by the SPD did not affect the animals’ spatial memory performance, which in fact included at least one completely error-free session per animal over time. The study showed that complication-free implantation and use of the SPD over the parietal and frontal cortices for months leave spatial memory processes intact in nonhuman primates.