Impact of fine‐scale edaphic heterogeneity on tree species assembly in a central African rainforest
QUESTIONS: Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can result not only from edaphic heterogeneities but also from limited seed dispersal. To characterize the contribution of each process, contact areas...
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Published in | Journal of vegetation science Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 134 - 144 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Opulus Press
2015
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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Abstract | QUESTIONS: Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can result not only from edaphic heterogeneities but also from limited seed dispersal. To characterize the contribution of each process, contact areas between contrasted soil types offer ideal settings. In the present study, we aimed to test species and species assemblage responses to a sharp edaphic discontinuity in a tropical forest tree community. LOCATION: Yoko forest reserve (6975 ha), Democratic Republic of the Congo. METHODS: We set up four 500–600‐m long parallel transects crossing two contrasted edaphic habitats, one lying on clayey soil and the other on sandy soil. The canopy and subcanopy trees were identified and geo‐referenced along the transects over a width of 50 m and 5 m, respectively, and soil samples were collected every 50 m to characterize each habitat. RESULTS: Correspondence analyses indicated a clear differentiation of tree communities between sandy and clayey soils. Using a torus‐translation method combined with Chi‐squared non‐parametric tests, we observed that ca. 40% and 18% of the species represented by at least 12 individuals displayed significant density differences according to habitat in the canopy and subcanopy, respectively, although very few species displayed significant differences in their relative abundance. Nevertheless, whole community tests of differentiation (in species relative abundances) between soil types were significant in both strata, even after removing individual species or families displaying a significant habitat preference. CONCLUSION: While only a minority of species displayed a clear habitat preference, we still observed a community‐wide impact of the edaphic discontinuity on species assemblages at a local scale. Our results provide further evidence for the major contribution of environmental heterogeneity in maintaining biodiversity in tropical forests. |
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AbstractList | Abstract
Questions
Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can result not only from edaphic heterogeneities but also from limited seed dispersal. To characterize the contribution of each process, contact areas between contrasted soil types offer ideal settings. In the present study, we aimed to test species and species assemblage responses to a sharp edaphic discontinuity in a tropical forest tree community.
Location
Yoko forest reserve (6975 ha), Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Methods
We set up four 500–600‐m long parallel transects crossing two contrasted edaphic habitats, one lying on clayey soil and the other on sandy soil. The canopy and subcanopy trees were identified and geo‐referenced along the transects over a width of 50 m and 5 m, respectively, and soil samples were collected every 50 m to characterize each habitat.
Results
Correspondence analyses indicated a clear differentiation of tree communities between sandy and clayey soils. Using a torus‐translation method combined with Chi‐squared non‐parametric tests, we observed that ca. 40% and 18% of the species represented by at least 12 individuals displayed significant density differences according to habitat in the canopy and subcanopy, respectively, although very few species displayed significant differences in their relative abundance. Nevertheless, whole community tests of differentiation (in species relative abundances) between soil types were significant in both strata, even after removing individual species or families displaying a significant habitat preference.
Conclusion
While only a minority of species displayed a clear habitat preference, we still observed a community‐wide impact of the edaphic discontinuity on species assemblages at a local scale. Our results provide further evidence for the major contribution of environmental heterogeneity in maintaining biodiversity in tropical forests. QUESTIONS: Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can result not only from edaphic heterogeneities but also from limited seed dispersal. To characterize the contribution of each process, contact areas between contrasted soil types offer ideal settings. In the present study, we aimed to test species and species assemblage responses to a sharp edaphic discontinuity in a tropical forest tree community. LOCATION: Yoko forest reserve (6975 ha), Democratic Republic of the Congo. METHODS: We set up four 500–600‐m long parallel transects crossing two contrasted edaphic habitats, one lying on clayey soil and the other on sandy soil. The canopy and subcanopy trees were identified and geo‐referenced along the transects over a width of 50 m and 5 m, respectively, and soil samples were collected every 50 m to characterize each habitat. RESULTS: Correspondence analyses indicated a clear differentiation of tree communities between sandy and clayey soils. Using a torus‐translation method combined with Chi‐squared non‐parametric tests, we observed that ca. 40% and 18% of the species represented by at least 12 individuals displayed significant density differences according to habitat in the canopy and subcanopy, respectively, although very few species displayed significant differences in their relative abundance. Nevertheless, whole community tests of differentiation (in species relative abundances) between soil types were significant in both strata, even after removing individual species or families displaying a significant habitat preference. CONCLUSION: While only a minority of species displayed a clear habitat preference, we still observed a community‐wide impact of the edaphic discontinuity on species assemblages at a local scale. Our results provide further evidence for the major contribution of environmental heterogeneity in maintaining biodiversity in tropical forests. Questions Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can result not only from edaphic heterogeneities but also from limited seed dispersal. To characterize the contribution of each process, contact areas between contrasted soil types offer ideal settings. In the present study, we aimed to test species and species assemblage responses to a sharp edaphic discontinuity in a tropical forest tree community. Location Yoko forest reserve (6975 ha), Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods We set up four 500–600‐m long parallel transects crossing two contrasted edaphic habitats, one lying on clayey soil and the other on sandy soil. The canopy and subcanopy trees were identified and geo‐referenced along the transects over a width of 50 m and 5 m, respectively, and soil samples were collected every 50 m to characterize each habitat. Results Correspondence analyses indicated a clear differentiation of tree communities between sandy and clayey soils. Using a torus‐translation method combined with Chi‐squared non‐parametric tests, we observed that ca. 40% and 18% of the species represented by at least 12 individuals displayed significant density differences according to habitat in the canopy and subcanopy, respectively, although very few species displayed significant differences in their relative abundance. Nevertheless, whole community tests of differentiation (in species relative abundances) between soil types were significant in both strata, even after removing individual species or families displaying a significant habitat preference. Conclusion While only a minority of species displayed a clear habitat preference, we still observed a community‐wide impact of the edaphic discontinuity on species assemblages at a local scale. Our results provide further evidence for the major contribution of environmental heterogeneity in maintaining biodiversity in tropical forests. We investigated the impact of a fine‐scale soil texture discontinuity on tree species assembly in a Congolese rainforest. Using ordinations and torus‐translation tests, we found that communities located on sandy soil were clearly differentiated from those on clayey soil in both the canopy and subcanopy. Our results provide further support for the importance of edaphic heterogeneity in structuring tree communities. Questions Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can result not only from edaphic heterogeneities but also from limited seed dispersal. To characterize the contribution of each process, contact areas between contrasted soil types offer ideal settings. In the present study, we aimed to test species and species assemblage responses to a sharp edaphic discontinuity in a tropical forest tree community. Location Yoko forest reserve (6975 ha), Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods We set up four 500-600-m long parallel transects crossing two contrasted edaphic habitats, one lying on clayey soil and the other on sandy soil. The canopy and subcanopy trees were identified and geo-referenced along the transects over a width of 50 m and 5 m, respectively, and soil samples were collected every 50 m to characterize each habitat. Results Correspondence analyses indicated a clear differentiation of tree communities between sandy and clayey soils. Using a torus-translation method combined with Chi-squared non-parametric tests, we observed that ca. 40% and 18% of the species represented by at least 12 individuals displayed significant density differences according to habitat in the canopy and subcanopy, respectively, although very few species displayed significant differences in their relative abundance. Nevertheless, whole community tests of differentiation (in species relative abundances) between soil types were significant in both strata, even after removing individual species or families displaying a significant habitat preference. Conclusion While only a minority of species displayed a clear habitat preference, we still observed a community-wide impact of the edaphic discontinuity on species assemblages at a local scale. Our results provide further evidence for the major contribution of environmental heterogeneity in maintaining biodiversity in tropical forests. We investigated the impact of a fine-scale soil texture discontinuity on tree species assembly in a Congolese rainforest. Using ordinations and torus-translation tests, we found that communities located on sandy soil were clearly differentiated from those on clayey soil in both the canopy and subcanopy. Our results provide further support for the importance of edaphic heterogeneity in structuring tree communities. Questions: Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can result not only from edaphic heterogeneities but also from limited seed dispersal. To characterize the contribution of each process, contact areas between contrasted soil types offer ideal settings. In the present study, we aimed to test species and species assemblage responses to a sharp edaphic discontinuity in a tropical forest tree community. Location: Yoko forest reserve (6975 ha), Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: We set up four 500-600-m long parallel transects crossing two contrasted edaphic habitats, one lying on clayey soil and the other on sandy soil. The canopy and subcanopy trees were identified and geo-referenced along the transects over a width of 50 m and 5 m, respectively, and soil samples were collected every 50 m to characterize each habitat. Results: Correspondence analyses indicated a clear differentiation of tree communities between sandy and clayey soils. Using a torus-translation method combined with Chi-squared non-parametric tests, we observed that ca. 40% and 18% of the species represented by at least 12 individuals displayed significant density differences according to habitat in the canopy and subcanopy, respectively, although very few species displayed significant differences in their relative abundance. Nevertheless, whole community tests of differentiation (in species relative abundances) between soil types were significant in both strata, even after removing individual species or families displaying a significant habitat preference. Conclusion: While only a minority of species displayed a clear habitat preference, we still observed a community-wide impact of the edaphic discontinuity on species assemblages at a local scale. Our results provide further evidence for the major contribution of environmental heterogeneity in maintaining biodiversity in tropical forests. |
Author | Drouet, Thomas Vleminckx, Jason Amani, Christian Lisingo, Janvier Hardy, Olivier J. Lejoly, Jean |
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Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12209 ArticleID:JVS12209 Belgian Fund for Scientific Research istex:15A5AD7F19C7CCA1626C236D67095EDEE4286CA2 Belgian Commission Universitaire au Développement (CUD) ark:/67375/WNG-6WWVG8X0-F Belgian Fund for Training to Research in Industry and Agriculture (FRIA) Appendix S1. Subplot values of all environmental variables. Appendix S2. Subplot density of each canopy species used in the CA and CCA. Appendix S3. Subplot density of each subcanopy species used in the CA and CCA. Appendix S4. R code for computing S, s and D statistics. Appendix S5. List of all canopy and subcanopy individuals used in the R code (Appendix S4). Appendix S6. PCA performed on environmental variables. Appendix S7. Summary of stem densities and floristic diversity data on each edaphic habitat, for the canopy and subcanopy strata. Appendix S8. Ordination of the subplots (CA) after removing the highly dominant species Scorodophloeus zenkeri (a) or the Fabaceae (b) in the canopy. Appendix S9. Densities and relative abundances of each testable family of the canopy and subcanopy on each soil type, and significance of the S and s tests. Appendix S10. CCA performed on canopy and subcanopy species densities and environmental data. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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Snippet | QUESTIONS: Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can... Questions: Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can... Questions Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can result... Abstract Questions Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space... Questions Soil properties have been shown to partially explain tree species distribution in tropical forests. Locally, species turnover across space can result... |
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SubjectTerms | biodiversity biogeography Canopy clay soils Edaphic heterogeneity Floristic variability forest reserves forest trees Habitat differentiation Habitat preference habitat preferences habitats rain forests sandy soils seed dispersal soil properties soil sampling Subcanopy testing Torus-translation tropical forests |
Title | Impact of fine‐scale edaphic heterogeneity on tree species assembly in a central African rainforest |
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