Food‐Borne Exposure of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizers Alone and in Mixture Induces Specific Transcriptional Changes

• Published in: Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol. 39; no. 4; pp. 852 - 862
• Main Authors: Giraudo, Maeva, Colson, Tash‐Lynn L., De Silva, Amila O., Lu, Zhe, Gagnon, Pierre, Brown, Lorraine, Houde, Magali
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.04.2020
• Subjects: Additives; Aquatic ecosystems; Benzotriazole; Chronic effects; Consumer goods; Ecotoxicogenomics; Emerging contaminants; Exposure; Freshwater fish; Gene sequencing; Genes; Homeostasis; Immune response; In vivo exposure; Iron homeostasis; Metabolism; Mixture toxicology; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Phenols; Photodegradation; Ribonucleic acid; Ribosomal proteins; RNA; Salmon; Synergistic effect; Toxicology; Transcription; Trout; UV stabilizers; Iron homeostasis; Ecotoxicogenomics; Freshwater fish; Mixture toxicology; Emerging contaminants; In vivo exposure
• ISSN: 0730-7268; 1552-8618
• DOI: 10.1002/etc.4676

Benzotriazole ultraviolet‐stabilizers (BZT‐UVs) are commonly used as additives to protect from light‐induced degradation in a variety of consumer goods. Despite their widespread presence in aquatic ecosystems, information on the effects of these compounds remains largely unknown. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the chronic effects of 2 BZT‐UVs alone and in a mixture, 2‐(2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl)‐4,6‐bis(1‐methyl‐1‐phenylethyl)phenol (UV‐234) and 2‐(2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl)‐4,6‐di‐tert‐pentylphenol (UV‐328), in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) chronically exposed (for 28 d) through the diet. Chemical analyses of livers from exposed trout suggested liver accumulation and potential metabolism of the 2 compounds. Hepatic RNA‐sequencing analyses revealed specific effects of each compound on gene transcription profiles; UV‐234 affected mainly genes involved in cellular metabolism, whereas UV‐328 induced the transcription of ribosomal proteins and downregulated genes involved in immune responses. Both compounds regulated iron homeostasis genes in an opposite manner. The mixture of both BZT‐UVs did not produce significant evidence of additive or synergistic effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:852–862. © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry © 2020 SETAC Benzotriazole ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers UV‐234 and UV‐328 induce transcriptional changes in juvenile rainbow trout exposed chronically through the diet, mainly affecting genes involved in iron homeostasis. ALB1 = serum albumin; AMBP = α‐1‐microglobulin; Fe = iron; HPX = hemopexin; TRF = transferrin.