Global trends in the trophic specialisation of flower‐visitor networks are explained by current and historical climate

• Published in: Ecology letters Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 113 - 124
• Main Authors: Luna, Pedro, Villalobos, Fabricio, Escobar, Federico, Neves, Frederico S., Dáttilo, Wesley, Poisot, Timothée
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2022
• Subjects: Animals; Climate; data collection; ecological networks; elevation gradients; Environmental factors; Flowers; macroecology; mountains; Net Primary Productivity; niche breadth; Nutritional Status; Precipitation; Resource availability; Spatial variations; Specialization; temperature; trophic specialisation; mountains; ecological networks; macroecology; trophic specialisation; elevation gradients; niche breadth
• ISSN: 1461-023X; 1461-0248; 1461-0248
• DOI: 10.1111/ele.13910

Trophic specialisation is known to vary across space, but the environmental factors explaining such variation remain elusive. Here we used a global dataset of flower‐visitor networks to evaluate how trophic specialisation varies between latitudinal zones (tropical and temperate) and across elevation gradients, while considering the environmental variation inherent in these spatial gradients. Specifically, we assessed the role of current (i.e., net primary productivity, temperature, and precipitation) and historical (i.e., temperature and precipitation stability) environmental factors in structuring the trophic specialisation of floral visitors. Spatial variations in trophic specialisation were not explained by latitudinal zones or elevation. Moreover, regardless of network location on the spatial gradient, there was a tendency for higher trophic specialisation in sites with high productivity and precipitation, whereas historical temperature stability was related to lower trophic specialisation. We highlight that both energetic constraints in animal foraging imposed by climate and resource availability may drive the global variation in trophic specialisation. Regardless of network location on the spatial gradient, there was a tendency for higher trophic specialisation in sites with high productivity and precipitation, whereas historical temperature stability was related to lower trophic specialisation. These findings provide insights to further understand how the trophic specialisation of floral visitors is structured over different spatial and environmental gradients.