Smallpox vaccination campaigns resulted in age-associated population cross-immunity against monkeypox virus

Increased human-to-human transmission of monkeypox virus (MPXV) is cause for concern, and antibodies directed against vaccinia virus (VACV) are known to confer cross-protection against Mpox. We used 430 serum samples derived from the Scottish patient population to investigate antibody-mediated cross...

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Published inJournal of general virology Vol. 105; no. 6
Main Authors Dee, Kieran, Manali, Maria, Bissett, Laura A., Bone, Jordan, Magill, Callum, Davis, Chris, Willett, Brian J., Murcia, Pablo R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Microbiology Society 11.06.2024
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Animal
Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
Child
Child, Preschool
Cross Protection - immunology
Cross Reactions
Female
Humans
Large DNA Viruses
Male
Middle Aged
Monkeypox virus - immunology
Mpox, Monkeypox - immunology
Mpox, Monkeypox - prevention & control
Neutralization Tests
Scotland
Short Communication
Smallpox - immunology
Smallpox - prevention & control
Smallpox Vaccine - administration & dosage
Smallpox Vaccine - immunology
Vaccination
Young Adult
Scotland
cross-immunity
Mpox
smallpox vaccination, antibody-mediated immunity
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Summary:Increased human-to-human transmission of monkeypox virus (MPXV) is cause for concern, and antibodies directed against vaccinia virus (VACV) are known to confer cross-protection against Mpox. We used 430 serum samples derived from the Scottish patient population to investigate antibody-mediated cross-neutralization against MPXV. By combining electrochemiluminescence immunoassays with live-virus neutralization assays, we show that people born when smallpox vaccination was routinely offered in the United Kingdom have increased levels of antibodies that cross-neutralize MPXV. Our results suggest that age is a risk factor of Mpox infection, and people born after 1971 are at higher risk of infection upon exposure.
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Supplement: Two supplementary figures and one supplementary table are available with the online version of this article.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
ISSN:0022-1317
1465-2099
1465-2099
DOI:10.1099/jgv.0.001999