Commutative Encryption and Watermarking in Video Compression

• Published in: IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology Vol. 17; no. 6; pp. 774 - 778
• Main Authors: Lian, Shiguo, Liu, Zhongxuan, Ren, Zhen, Wang, Haila
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.06.2007; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Amplitudes; Applied sciences; Automatic voltage control; Circuits; Compressing; Cryptography; Discrete cosine transforms; DRM; Encryption; Exact sciences and technology; Image processing; Information, signal and communications theory; Mathematical analysis; Miscellaneous; partial encryption; Protection; Robustness; Signal and communications theory; Signal processing; Signal processing algorithms; Telecommunications and information theory; Vectors (mathematics); Video coding; Video compression; video encryption; Video signal processing; video watermarking; Watermarking; Video coding; Performance evaluation; Motion estimation; Image processing; Encryption; video encryption; Decryption; video watermarking; Algorithm; Adaptive method; Implementation; Video signal processing; partial encryption; Confidentiality; Manufacturing process; Information protection; Security of data; Signal processing; Discrete cosine transforms; Growth from solution; DRM; Digital watermarking
• ISSN: 1051-8215; 1558-2205
• DOI: 10.1109/TCSVT.2007.896635

A scheme is proposed to implement commutative video encryption and watermarking during advanced video coding process. In H.264/AVC compression, the intra-prediction mode, motion vector difference and discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients' signs are encrypted, while DCT coefficients' amplitudes are watermarked adaptively. To avoid that the watermarking operation affects the decryption operation, a traditional watermarking algorithm is modified. The encryption and watermarking operations are commutative. Thus, the watermark can be extracted from the encrypted videos, and the encrypted videos can be re-watermarked. This scheme embeds the watermark without exposing video content's confidentiality, and provides a solution for signal processing in encrypted domain. Additionally, it increases the operation efficiency, since the encrypted video can be watermarked without decryption. These properties make the scheme a good choice for secure media transmission or distribution