CNS Germ Cell Tumors: Molecular Advances, Significance in Risk Stratification and Future Directions

Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors (CNS GCTs) represent a subtype of intracranial malignant tumors characterized by highly heterogeneous histology. Current diagnostic methods in clinical practice have notable limitations, and treatment strategies struggle to achieve personalized therapy based o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inBrain sciences Vol. 14; no. 5; p. 445
Main Authors Zhou, Jiajun, Wu, Chenxing, Li, Shouwei
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.05.2024
Subjects
Biomarkers
Cancer
Care and treatment
Central nervous system
Chemotherapy
chromosomal instability
Chromosomes
Classification
Clinical medicine
Cohort analysis
Development and progression
Diagnosis
DNA methylation
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
gene mutation
Gene mutations
Genes
Germ cell tumors
Immune checkpoint
immune microenvironment
Medical diagnosis
Medical prognosis
Methylation
miRNA
miRNAs
Molecular genetics
Nervous system
Patients
Quality of life
Radiation therapy
Risk groups
Tumor microenvironment
Tumors
Young adults
Japan
DNA methylation
germ cell tumors
immune microenvironment
miRNAs
chromosomal instability
gene mutation
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Summary:Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors (CNS GCTs) represent a subtype of intracranial malignant tumors characterized by highly heterogeneous histology. Current diagnostic methods in clinical practice have notable limitations, and treatment strategies struggle to achieve personalized therapy based on patient risk stratification. Advances in molecular genetics, biology, epigenetics, and understanding of the tumor microenvironment suggest the diagnostic potential of associated molecular alterations, aiding risk subgroup identification at diagnosis. Furthermore, they suggest the existence of novel therapeutic approaches targeting chromosomal alterations, mutated genes and altered signaling pathways, methylation changes, microRNAs, and immune checkpoints. Moving forward, further research is imperative to explore the pathogenesis of CNS GCTs and unravel the intricate interactions among various molecular alterations. Additionally, these findings require validation in clinical cohorts to assess their role in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of patients.
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ISSN:2076-3425
2076-3425
DOI:10.3390/brainsci14050445