Encapsulation of microorganisms for bioremediation: Techniques and carriers

The biotechnological approach used for pollutants remotion has presented good yields at relatively low cost, nevertheless it still presents a wide margin for improvement to become the principal response to environmental contingencies. As immobilization of microorganisms has demonstrated the decrease...

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Published inReviews in environmental science and biotechnology Vol. 20; no. 3; pp. 815 - 838
Main Authors Valdivia-Rivera, Sergio, Ayora-Talavera, Teresa, Lizardi-Jiménez, Manuel Alejandro, García-Cruz, Ulises, Cuevas-Bernardino, Juan Carlos, Pacheco, Neith
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.09.2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Biodegradation
Biopolymers
Bioremediation
Biotechnology
Earth and Environmental Science
Encapsulation
Environment
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Immobilization
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Pollutants
Review Paper
Microencapsulation
Bioremediation
Environmental pollution
Methods of encapsulation
Bioaugmentation
Encapsulating carriers
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Summary:The biotechnological approach used for pollutants remotion has presented good yields at relatively low cost, nevertheless it still presents a wide margin for improvement to become the principal response to environmental contingencies. As immobilization of microorganisms has demonstrated the decrease of most of the disadvantages of biodegradation, this work aims to briefly review the microorganism’s immobilization for environmental purposes, focusing on encapsulation and exploring its different techniques and carrier materials. The principal reasons to encapsulate microorganisms for bioremediation, the types of capsules and their main characteristics, the physical, chemical, or physicochemical encapsulation methods that have been applied for environmental purposes, and those that have potential in the field, are also revised and explained. The principal biopolymers used to encapsulate and the characteristics they can confer to the capsules. Finally, recent cases of encapsulated microorganisms for bioremediation applications are discussed, highlighting the tendency in the works of the last decade for its application in contaminated waters and the need to explore more carrier materials and encapsulation techniques are also explored.
ISSN:1569-1705
1572-9826
DOI:10.1007/s11157-021-09577-x